Joint toxic action of binary mixtures of osteolathyrogens at malformation-inducing concentrations for Xenopus Embryos
✍ Scribed by Douglas A. Dawson; Teresa S. Wilke
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1991
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 632 KB
- Volume
- 11
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0260-437X
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
The joint action of binary mixtures of the osteolathyrogens semicarbazide (SC), P-aminopropionitrile (PAPN) and penicillamine (PNC) were determined at malformation-inducing concentrations for Xenopus embryos. Tests were static with renewal every 24 h for the 96-h test period. Simultaneous tests on each individual component of the binary mixtures alone gave baseline malformation data ( E C ~~) for joint action analyses. Toxic unit analysis and isobole diagrams were used to determine the type of joint action for 3:1, 1:l and 1:3 mixtures of each combination. The joint action was concentration additive (strictly additive) for SC with PAPN and response additive (less-than-additive) for SC with PNC and PAPN with PNC. The joint actions were not changed when only osteolathyrogenic lesions, rather than all types of malformations, were considered. The different specific location and character of PNC lesions, as opposed to those for SC and PAPN, may signify a different type of osteolathyrogenic effect for PNC. The mixture testing approach has potential value in determining compounds that act similarly.