Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective (Kellogg Institute Series on Democracy and Development)

✍ Scribed by Adam Przeworski, Felipe Aguero, Catherine M. Conaghan, Frances Hagopian, Scott Mainwaring (editor), Guillermo O'Donnell (editor), J. Samuel Valenzuela (editor)

• Publisher: University of Notre Dame Press
• Year: 1992
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 361
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Since 1974 there has been an unprecedented wave of democratization in the world. This trend has been particularly extensive in South America. But the problems confronting these new democracies are staggering, and the prospects for building consolidated democratic regimes are far from uniformly good. Focusing primarily on recent South American cases, Issues in Democratic Consolidation examines some of the difficulties of constructing consolidated democracies and provides a critical examination of the major issues involved.

A prominent theme running through this collection is that the transitions from authoritative rule to civilian government may be arrested by political, economic, and social constraints. The articles contain analyses of the varied modalities and complex processes related to the transitions. The first transition begins with the initial stirrings of crisis under authoritarian rule that generate some form of political opening and greater respect for basic civil rights, and ends with the establishment of a government elected in an open, competitive contest. The volume's primary focus, however, is on the second transition, which begins with the inauguration of a democratic government and ends-if all goes well-with the establishment of a consolidated democratic regime.

✦ Table of Contents

Issues in Democratic Consolidation
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Democratization in South America
The Essays in This Book
Notes
Transitions, Continuities, and Paradoxes
Introduction
1— The Two Transitions: A Strategic Perspective
2— Authoritarian Regimes and Transitions
3— The Paradoxes of Success
4— Democracy and Republic
5— Gaps and Contrasts
6— Political Mediations and Institutions
7— A Stalled Transition?
Notes
Democratic Consolidation in Post-Transitional Settings: Notion, Process, and Facilitating Conditions...
The Notion of Democratic Consolidation
The Process of Democratic Consolidation
Conditions Affecting Democratic Consolidation
A— The Modalities of the First Transition, and the Attitudes of the Principal Authoritarian Regime E...
B— Regime Comparisons, Historical Memories, and Legitimacy
C— The Moderation of Political Conflict
D— The Management of Social Conflict
E— Subordinating the Military to the Democratic Government
Conclusions
Notes
The Games of Transition
1— Introduction
2— Liberalization
3— Democratization
3.1— Introduction
3.2— Extrication
3.3— Constitution
3.4— Conclusion
4— Institutionalization of Economic Conflicts
5— Imposition of Civilian Control over the Military
8— Conclusions
Notes
References
The Military and the Limits to Democratization in South America
Introduction
Governments and the Military in the Postauthoritarian Regimes of South America
Military Entrenchment: Protective and Expansive
The Initial Conditions: Controlled Transitions by Militarized Regimes
The Unremitting Perception of Domestic Threats
An Inauspicious International Environment
Civilian Structures and Policies
Conclusion
Notes
Capitalists, Technocrats, and Politicians: Economic Policy Making and Democracy in the Central Andes...
Introduction
Business and the Military in the 1970s
Business Reaction in Peru and Ecuador
Business under Banzer
Business and the Transition
Lobbying in the 1980s
Exclusionary Policy Making
The Marginalization of Parties
Corporatism and Electioneering
Political Efficacy, Uncertainty, and Democracy
Notes
The Compromised Consolidation: The Political Class in the Brazilian Transition
The Political Elite in Twentieth-Century Brazil
From Authoritarian Regime to Civilian Rule: Traditional Elites in Minas and the Transition to Democr...
State Politics, 1982–1984
The Negotiated Transition and the Role of the Minas Oligarchy
From Transitional Democracy to Democratic Regime: The Political Class in the First Five Years
Cabinets and Clientelism
The Party System
Democratic Constitution, Weak Democracy
Toward Consolidation: What Next for Brazilian Democracy?
Notes
References
Transitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation: Theoretical and Comparative Issues
Key Definitions: Transition and Democracy
Liberalization and Democratization
Elites, Masses, and Democracy
Legitimacy and Democracy
Democracy and Democrats
Democracy and Uncertainty
Different Modes of Democratic Transitions
Socioeconomic Conditions, Political Factors, and Democracy
The Methodology of Studying Democratic Transitions
Conclusion
Notes
References
Contributors
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
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