Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 11
1 Introduction......Page 14
Metaphysical/Galilean......Page 15
Epistemological and methodological/Baconian......Page 17
The success of modern science......Page 18
Metaethical......Page 19
Practical and institutional......Page 20
Scientific method......Page 24
Accepting theories......Page 25
Significance of a theory......Page 27
The role of cognitive values......Page 28
Where science and values “touch”: a miscellany......Page 29
Science as value free: fact, idealization, or value?......Page 30
PREVIEW......Page 32
2 Values......Page 36
PERSONAL AND SOCIAL VALUES......Page 37
The modes of personal values......Page 38
Embodiment of personal values in social institutions......Page 39
Kinds of values......Page 40
Social values and their modes......Page 41
UNDERSTANDING THE SOURCES OF PERSONAL VALUES......Page 42
Gap between intention and effective action......Page 43
Different values embodied in different institutions......Page 44
Paths toward equilibrium......Page 45
Adjustment......Page 46
Resignation......Page 47
Creative marginality......Page 48
The quest for power......Page 49
Transformation from below......Page 50
REASONS FOR ADOPTING A COMPLEX OF VALUES......Page 51
Value judgments......Page 52
THE IDEA OF COGNITIVE VALUES......Page 58
Beliefs......Page 59
Cognitive values as partly constitutive of belief-gaining practices......Page 63
Articulation of cognitive values......Page 64
Disagreements about cognitive values......Page 65
CRITERIA OF COGNITIVE VALUE: RULES OR VALUES......Page 67
COGNITIVE VALUES: A LIST OF COMMONLY CITED ITEMS......Page 70
IMPARTIALITY......Page 80
Materialist strategies......Page 81
A thesis of impartiality......Page 82
Rudner's argument......Page 84
NEUTRALITY......Page 87
AUTONOMY......Page 95
IDENTIFYING COGNITIVE VALUES......Page 102
UNDERSTANDING......Page 108
OBJECTIVES OF SCIENCE......Page 114
Different approaches to science......Page 116
Why adopt the materialist strategies?......Page 117
Does adopting the materialist strategies represent a cognitive value?......Page 120
Strategies as constitutive values of approaches to inquiry......Page 121
CONTROL......Page 124
THE MODERN VALUES OF CONTROL AND MATERIALIST STRATEGIES......Page 128
The relevance of materialist metaphysics......Page 138
CONTROL AND UNDERSTANDING OF “THE MATERIAL WORLD”......Page 142
Materialist understanding and the displacement of earlier forms of understanding......Page 146
The comprehensiveness of materialist understanding......Page 149
KUHN'S “NEW-WORLD PROBLEM”......Page 160
The world, scientific ‘worlds,' social “worlds”......Page 161
OBSERVATION IN GALILEAN AND ARISTOTELIAN ‘WORLDS'......Page 166
ARISTOTELIAN AND GALILEAN OBSERVED FACTS: DIFFERENT AND INCOMPATIBLE......Page 173
FRUITFULNESS AND ADOPTING A STRATEGY......Page 178
8 A “grassroots empowerment” approach......Page 190
Concepts of “development”......Page 192
Authentic development......Page 194
Popular organizations......Page 196
Development, science and technology......Page 197
THE SEED......Page 199
A “grassroots empowerment” approach......Page 209
THE VERY IDEA OF A FEMINIST APPROACH......Page 210
LONGINO'S APPROACH......Page 211
Feminist approaches and impartiality......Page 223
QUESTIONING THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL VALUES......Page 225
IMPARTIALITY......Page 232
Separate roles for cognitive and other values......Page 238
Rejection of theories......Page 241
NEUTRALITY......Page 243
Summary......Page 254
AUTONOMY......Page 255
11 Conclusion......Page 262
Notes......Page 268
Bibliography......Page 284
Index......Page 292
