IQ and Global Inequality

✍ Scribed by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen

• Publisher: Washington Summit Publishers
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 418
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

From the Preface: We address the following questions. First, in Chapter 1, we review the major theories of economic growth that have been developed since this problem was considered by Charles de Montesquieu and Adam Smith in the eighteenth century and introduce the 192 countries of this study. In Chapter 2 we define and describe what is meant by intelligence. In Chapter 3, we summarise work showing that intelligence is a determinant of incomes and related phenomena (educational attainment and socio-economic status) among individuals in a number of countries; this is the basis of our theory that the intelligence of national populations is likely to be a determinant of per capita incomes among nations. Chapter 4 describes how we have collected and quantified the IQs of nations and presents new IQ data for a further 32 nations. This brings the total number of nations for which we have measured IQs to 113. In addition, national IQs are estimated for 79 other countries so that we have IQs for all countries with populations of more than 40,000. In Chapter 5, five measures of the quality of human conditions and their composite index (QHC) are introduced as well as 12 alternative variables that measure human conditions from different perspectives. In Chapter 6, the hypothesis on the positive relationship between national IQ and the quality of human conditions is tested by empirical evidence on PPP GNI (Gross National Income at Purchasing Power Parity) per capita in 2002, adult literacy rate in 2002, tertiary enrollment ratio, life expectancy at birth in 2002, and the level of democratization in 2002. Chapter 7 focuses on the relationship between national IQ and the composite index of the quality of human conditions (QHC) The results are analyzed at the level of single countries on the basis of regression analyses. The results are checked by exploring the impact of latitude and annual mean temperature on human conditions through national IQ. Chapter 8 shows that national

✦ Table of Contents

IQ and Global Inequality
Contents
Appendices
Tables
Preface
Why Isn’t the Whole World Developed?
Chapter 1
Theories about Economic and other Global Inequalities
1. Classical Studies
2. Alternative Contemporary Explanations
3. Human Capital Theory
4. Recent Studies on Global Inequalities and Poverty
5. Roots of Global Inequalities in Human Diversity
6. Units of Analysis
Chapter 2
The Concept of Intelligence
1. Historical Conceptions of Intelligence
2. Charles Spearman and the Discovery of General Intelligence
3. Alfred Binet Constructs the Intelligence Test
4. Contemporary Consensus on Intelligence
Chapter 3
Intelligence as a Determinant of Earnings and Achievement
1. Effects of Intelligence on Earnings
2. High IQs and High Earnings
3. Economists’ Studies of Effects of IQ on Earnings
4. Intelligence and Educational Attainment
5. Intelligence and Socioeconomic Status
6. Intelligence and Trainability
7. Intelligence and Job Proficiency
Chapter 4
The Measurement of the Intelligence of Nations
1. Measured IQs of 113 Nations
2. Estimation of IQs for 192 Nations
3. Reliability of National IQs
4. Validity of National IQs
5. The IAEP Study of Math and Science
6. The PISA Studies
7. Conclusions
Chapter 5
Measures of Global Inequalities in Human Conditions
1. Measures Used in Previous Studies
2. Measures of Global Inequalities in Human Conditions
3. The Composite Index of the Quality of Human Conditions (QHC)
4. Alternative Measures of Human Conditions
5. Summary
Chapter 6
National IQ and Five Dimensions of Global Inequalities
1. Intercorrelations of Five Basic Variables and National IQ
2. Per Capita Income
3. Literacy
4. Higher Education
5. Life Expectancy at Birth
6. Democratization
7. Summary of Large Outliers
8. Summary
Chapter 7
National IQ and the Quality of Human Conditions
1. Correlation Analysis
2. Regression of QHC on National IQ
3. Residuals by Regional Groups
4. Countries Around the Regression Line
5. Moderate Positive Outliers
6. Moderate Negative Outliers
7. Countries with Large Positive Residuals
8. Countries with Large Negative Residuals
9. The Impact of Latitude and Annual Mean Temperature
10. Summary
Chapter 8
Other Measures of Global Inequalities in Human Conditions
1. Human Development Index (HDI)
2. Gender-Related Human Development Index (GDI)
3. Economic Growth Rate (EGR)
4. Gini Index of Inequality (Gini)
5. Poverty
6. Measures of Undernourishment (PUN 1 and PUN 2)
7. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
8. Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
9. Economic Freedom Ratings (EFR)
10. The Index of Economic Freedom (IEF)
11. Population Pyramids (MU-index)
12. Human Happiness and Life-Satisfaction
13. Summary
Chapter 9
Genetic and Environmental Determinants of National Differences in IQ and Wealth
1. Heritability of Intelligence
2. Heritability of Income
3. Heritability of Educational Attainment
4. Heritability of Socioeconomic Status
5. Heritability of Intelligence and Incomes between Nations
6. Racial Basis of National IQs
7. Racial Basis of National IQs in Latin America and the Caribbean
8. Further Evidence for Racial Differences in Intelligence
9. Environmental Determinants of National Differences in Intelligence
10. Genotype-environment Co-variation
Chapter 10
The Causal Nexus
1. Genetic and Environmental Determinants of National IQs
2. Relation between IQ and Economic Freedom
3. Determinants of Economic Growth and Per Capita Income
4. Determinants of the Quality of Human Conditions
5. Determinants of Life Expectancy
6. Determinants of Adult Literacy
7. Determinants of Tertiary Education
8. Determinants of Democratization
9. Determinants of Malnutrition
Chapter 11
Criticisms and Rejoinders
1. Reliability of the National IQs
2. Validity of National IQs
3. The Direction of Causation
4. Genetic Basis of National IQs
5. Other Determinants of Economic Development
Chapter 12
Conclusions
1. National IQ as a Measure of Human Diversity
2. Global Inequalities Explained by National IQ
3. Hypothesis Tested by Alternative Measures of Human Conditions
4. Genetic versus Environmental Determinants of IQ
5. The Causal Nexus
6. Policy Implications
Appendix 1
The Calculation of National IQs
Notes on data
Appendix 2
Sources:
Appendix 3
Sources:
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
The estimated data on per capita GDP for 1500 and for 2000 derived from Maddison (2003) in a group of 109 countries
References
Name Index
Subject Index
ABOUT THE AUTHORS

✦ Subjects

intelligence