IoT for Sustainable Smart Cities and Society (Internet of Things)

✍ Scribed by Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues (editor), Parul Agarwal (editor), Kavita Khanna (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 333
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides a sound theoretical base and an extensive practical expansion of smart sustainable cities and societies, while also examining case studies in the area to help readers understand IoT driven solutions in smart cities. The book covers fundamentals, applications, and challenges of IoT for sustainable smart cities and society. With a good understanding of IoT and smart cities, and the associated communication protocols, the book provides an insight into its applications in several areas of smart cities. Models, architectures, and algorithms are presented that provide additional solutions. The main challenges discussed that are associated with IoT involved include security, privacy, authenticity, etc. The book is relevant to researchers, academics, professionals, and students.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Book Contents
Chapter 1: Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Internet of Things enabled Smart Cities
Chapter 2: Understanding New Age of Intelligent Video Surveillance and Deeper Analysis on Deep Learning Techniques for Object Tracking
Chapter 3: Tech to Take Care: IoT-Based Smart Solution for Real-Time Supervision
Chapter 4: IoT in Healthcare – A 360-Degree View
Chapter 5: Industrial IoT and its Applications
Chapter 6: An Interactive Analysis Platform for Bus Movement: A Case Study of One of the World’s Largest Annual Gathering
Chapter 7: Vehicle Payload Monitoring System
Chapter 8: Implementation and Comparison of MQTT, WebSocket, and HTTP Protocols for Smart Room IoT Application in Node-RED
Chapter 9: Comparative Study of Static and Hybrid Analysis Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities
Chapter 10: Automated Weather Monitoring Station Based on IoT for Smart Cities
Chapter 11: Energy Harvesting for Sustainability
Chapter 12: A Review of Machine Learning Models in Renewable Energy
Chapter 13: Security and Privacy Issues in IoT-Enabled Smart Cities
Chapter 14: Efficacy of Bio-absorbent Concept in Textile Effluent Treatment Technology Using Low-Cost Materials by Implementing Banana Bark and Orange Peel
Contents
Chapter 1: Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Internet of Things enabled Smart Cities
1 Introduction
2 Role of IoT in Smart City
3 Role of Machine Learning in IoT-Enabled Smart City
3.1 Machine Learning Approaches for IoT-Enabled Smart City
4 Role of Deep Learning in IoT-Enabled Smart City
4.1 Deep Learning Approaches for IoT-Enabled Smart City
5 Literature Review of the Related Domain
6 Discussion of Challenges in the Domain of Smart City
7 Conclusion and Future Research Opportunities
7.1 Future Research Opportunities
References
Chapter 2: Understanding New Age of Intelligent Video Surveillance and Deeper Analysis on Deep Learning Techniques for Object Tracking
1 Introduction
2 Object Tracking
2.1 Stage 1: Target-Based Categorization of Object Tracking
2.2 Stage 2: Approaches of Object Tracking
2.3 Stage 3: Multi-object Tracking Classifiers
2.4 Stage 4: Object Tracking Classification Methods
2.4.1 Point Tracking
2.4.2 Kernel Tracking
2.4.3 Silhouette Tracking
2.5 Evaluation of Multi-object Tracking
3 Object Tracking Algorithms
4 Object Tracking for Surveillance
5 Current Status on Object Tracking
6 Analysis and Comparison of Algorithms on the Basis of Previous Research Work
7 Promising Future Research Directions and Tasks
8 Case Study
9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Tech to TakeCare: IoT-Based Smart Solution for Real-Time Supervision
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed System Architecture
3.1 Baby Care System
3.2 Elderly Care System
3.2.1 Insulin Detection
3.2.2 Fall Detection
3.2.3 Stress Detection
3.2.4 Diaper Wetting Detection
3.3 Description of the Components Used
3.3.1 Microcontroller
3.3.2 Sensors
3.4 Secure Cloud Storage Architecture and Machine Learning
4 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
Chapter 4: IoT in Healthcare: A 360-Degree View
1 Introduction
2 IoT Healthcare Architecture: A 1000-Feet View
3 IoT Healthcare Architecture: A Closer View
3.1 Sensory Layer
3.2 Connectivity and Communication Layer
3.3 Gateway
3.4 Storage and Analytics Layer (SAL)
3.5 User Application Layer and Visualization
4 Healthcare Operational Areas and Role of IoT
4.1 Disease Monitoring
4.2 Age-Based Monitoring
4.3 Physical Abnormality Monitoring
4.4 Profile-Based Monitoring
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Industrial IoT and Its Applications
1 Introduction
2 Requirements of IIoT
3 Design Considerations for IIoT
4 IIoT Applications: Healthcare
4.1 IIoT in Healthcare
4.1.1 Concerns in Healthcare Regarding IIoT
4.1.2 IIoT Implementation for Old Population
4.1.3 IIoT Implementation for Increase in the Diseases
4.1.4 IIoT Reduces the Expenditure
4.1.5 Cloud-Enabled IIoT Healthcare Solution
4.1.6 Benefits of IIoT in the Healthcare
4.2 IIoT-Based Healthcare Devices
4.2.1 Wireless ECG Monitors
4.2.2 Glucose Level Monitoring Device
4.2.3 IIoT-Based Blood Pressure Monitor
4.2.4 IIoT-Based Body Temperature Sensor
4.2.5 IIoT-Based Asthma Treatment
4.2.6 IoT-Based Contact Lenses
4.2.7 Smart Inhalers
4.2.8 Smart Phone-Based Healthcare Solution
4.2.9 Smart Phone App: Health Assistant
4.2.10 IIoT Healthcare Technology
4.3 IIoT Healthcare Requirement and Challenges
5 IIoT in Manufacturing Industries
5.1 Smart Factory
5.2 Features of Smart Factory
5.3 Smart Factory Applications
5.3.1 Airbus: Factory of Future
5.3.2 Amazon: Robotic Shelves
5.3.3 Caterpillar: Augmented Reality App
6 IoT and the Food Industry
6.1 Field to Plate
6.2 Implementation of IIoT in the Food Industry
6.3 Impact of IoT on the Food Industry
6.3.1 Utilizing the IoT in the Farms
6.3.2 Utilizing the IoT in the Livestock Barns
6.3.3 Utilizing the IoT for Equipment in the Food Industry
6.3.4 IoT for Maintenance in the Food Industry
6.3.5 IoT to Improve Margins in the Food Industry
6.3.6 IoT for the Consumer
6.3.7 IoT for the Product in the Food Industry
6.3.8 IoT for the Food Processing Factory
6.3.9 IoT for Empowering the Workers in the Food Industry
6.4 IoT Solutions for the Food Industry
6.4.1 City Crop
6.4.2 Diagenetix
6.4.3 Eskesso
6.4.4 Culinary Science Industries: Flavor Matrix
6.4.5 IntelliCup
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: An Interactive Analysis Platform for Bus Movement: A Case Study of One of the World’s Largest Annual Gathering
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 GPS Data and Analysis
2.2 Big Data
3 Big Data Components
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Data Storage
3.3 Data Preprocessing
3.4 Data Transformation
4 Platform Overview
5 Implementation and Results
6 Data Analysis
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Vehicle Payload Monitoring System
1 Introduction
2 History
2.1 Existing Solution
2.2 Proposed Solution
2.3 Software Algorithm: Arduino IDE
2.4 Advantages
2.5 Limitations
3 Hardware
3.1 Arduino Uno
3.2 JSN SR04T Sensor
3.3 LCD Module
3.4 I2C Model
3.5 How I2C Works
3.5.1 Steps of I2c Data Transmission
4 Flowchart and Schematic Diagram
4.1 Schematic Diagram
4.2 Block Diagram
5 Serial Communication
5.1 UART
6 Structured Approach
7 Working Principle
7.1 Conceptual Model
8 Hardware Implementation of Proposed Model
9 Results
10 Application
11 Future Work
12 Conclusion
Appendix
References
Chapter 8: Implementation and Comparison of MQTT, WebSocket, and HTTP Protocols for Smart Room IoT Application in Node-RED
1 Introduction
2 Architecture of IoT
3 Components of IoT
4 IoT Applications
5 IoT-Based Smart Room Application
5.1 MQTT, HTTP, and WebSocket Protocols
5.1.1 MQTT Protocol
5.1.2 HTTP [9]
5.1.3 WebSocket
5.1.4 Theoretical Comparison Between IoT Protocols
5.2 Node-RED [12]
5.2.1 Node-RED Concepts
5.3 NodeMCU Development Board
5.4 Sensors
5.4.1 DHT11 Sensor [7]
5.4.2 PIR Sensor [7]
5.4.3 Flame Sensor [16]
5.4.4 MQ135 Gas Detector Sensor Module [7]
5.5 Hardware Test Bed for the Smart Room Application
5.6 Implementation
5.6.1 MQTT Flow on Node-RED
5.6.2 HTTP Flow on Node-RED
5.6.3 WebSocket Flow
5.7 Results and Discussion
5.7.1 Comparison with Existing Work
6 Summary and Conclusion
7 Future Scope
References
Chapter 9: Comparative Study of Static and Hybrid Analysis Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Static Analysis
4 Analysis Using Tools
4.1 Hdx Tool
4.2 CFF Explorer Tool
4.3 Exeinfo PE Tool
4.4 Malware Hashing
4.5 Hashcalc Tool
4.6 VirusTotal
4.7 Tools Utilized
5 Packers and Unpacking
6 Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Malware Analysis
6.1 Artificial Neural Networks
6.2 ANN Model
6.3 Convolutional Neural Networks
6.4 CNN Model
7 Dynamic Analysis of Virus
8 Implementation and Results
9 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 10: Automated Weather Monitoring Station Based on IoT for Smart Cities
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Proposed Model
3.1 Raspberry Pi 3 B+
3.2 ADC MCP3208 IC
3.3 DHT-11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
3.4 Anemometer
3.4.1 IR Sensor
3.5 MQ-135 Sensor
3.6 Light Intensity Sensor
3.7 LCD Display
3.8 ThingSpeak Online Cloud Platform
4 Working of Presented Model
5 Future Scope
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Energy Harvesting for Sustainability
1 Introduction
2 Energy Harvesting
2.1 Concept of Energy Harvesting
2.2 Concept of Energy Harvesting Materials
2.3 Types of Energy Harvesting
2.3.1 Harvesting Solar Energy
2.3.2 Harvesting Vibrational Energy
2.3.3 Harvesting Thermal Energy
2.3.4 RF Energy Harvesting
3 Energy Harvesting and Smart Cities
4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: A Review of Machine Learning Models in Renewable Energy
1 Introduction
1.1 Renewable Energy
1.2 Machine Learning
1.3 Study of Machine Learning Techniques to Renewable Energy
2 Renewable Energy Forecasting Using Machine Learning Models
2.1 Current Status of Machine Learning Models in Renewable Energy System
2.2 Data Preprocessing Techniques
2.3 Selection of Machine Learning Model Parameters
3 Performance Evaluation of Forecasted Model
4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Security and Privacy Threats in IoT-Enabled Smart Cities
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 State-of-the-Art Network Security Techniques
4 Layers of IoT
4.1 Perception Layer
4.2 Network Layer
4.3 Data Processing Layer
4.4 Application Layer
5 Layer-Based Threats
5.1 Attacks on Perception Layer
5.2 Attacks on Network Layer
5.3 Attacks on Data Processing Layer
5.4 Attacks on Application Layer
6 Transmission Technology-Based Threats
6.1 Short-Range Wireless Communications (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee)
6.1.1 Bluetooth
6.1.2 Main Security Threats
6.1.3 Wi-Fi
6.1.4 Main Threats in Wi-Fi
6.1.5 ZigBee
6.1.6 Main Threats for Zigbee
6.2 Low Power Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN, Sigfox, and NB-IoT)
6.2.1 LoRaWAN
6.2.2 Sigfox
6.2.3 Security Threats for Sigfox
6.2.4 NB-IoT
6.2.5 Security Vulnerabilities
7 Smart Applications
7.1 Threats to Smart City
8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Efficacy of Bio-absorbent Concept in Textile Effluent Treatment Technology Using Low-Cost Materials by Implementing Banana Bark and Orange Peel
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Sample Parameter Collection
2.2 Methods of Analysis (Table 14.1)
2.3 Principal of Bio-adsorption Experiment
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physicochemical Elements of Textile Waste Water:
4 Influence of Temperature
4.1 Influence of Potential of Hydrogen (pH)
4.2 Impact on Electric Conductivity (EC )
4.3 Impact on (TS )
4.4 Effect of TDS
4.5 Impact on (TSS)
4.6 Impact on Chloride
4.7 Effect of Dissolved Oxygen (DO )
4.8 Effect of Total Hardness (TH )
4.9 Effect of Total Alkalinity
4.10 Effect of COD
4.11 Effect of BOD5
4.12 Comparative Study on the Performance by Literature Using Past Study
5 Future Scope
6 Conclusion
References
Index