Ion-Induced Charge Separations in Growing Single Ice Crystals: Effects on Growth and Interaction Processes
✍ Scribed by William G. Finnegan; Richard L. Pitter
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 538 KB
- Volume
- 189
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0021-9797
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✦ Synopsis
the crystals and whether these, in turn, would influence the Certain inorganic salts are known to promote the development ice crystal growth and interaction processes (7). Soluble of charge separations during the linear freezing of their dilute ionizable salts such as ammonium bisulfate, sulfate, and nisolutions. These same salts strongly influence the morphology, the trate and sodium chloride are commonly present in the atmoaggregation, and the secondary ice nucleation characteristics of sphere as cloud condensation nuclei at concentrations suffigrowing single ice crystals in laboratory cloud chamber expericient to produce cloud droplets with 10 04 to 10 05 N salt ments. To explain these cloud chamber results, a mechanism for concentrations (8). It was initially apparent that quantitative the development of the charge separations is proposed in which measurements of ionic charge separations, as accomplished hydronium and hydroxyl ions are shown to be the potential-defor bulk solution freezing studies, could not be made and termining ions in a pH-dependent process. Electrochemical double layers are postulated to occur on the growing single crystal faces reliance on secondary evidence would be necessary. Cloud with anions or cations present as counterions in the double layers. chamber studies of ice crystal formations utilize collection This mechanism obviates the requirement for the inclusion of a and photography of collected crystals for characterization, wide range of chemically different anions and cations in the ice and the aggregation and morphology changes could be deterphase as advocated in previous publications.