Cover
Dedication
Contents Overview
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry and Introduction to Active Learning
1.1 Introduction to Chemistry: Lavoisier and the Beginning of Experimental Chemistry
1.2 Introduction to Chemistry: Science and the Scientific Method
1.3 Introduction to Chemistry: The Science of Chemistry Today
1.4 Introduction to Active Learning: Learning How to Learn Chemistry
1.5 Introduction to Active Learning: Your Textbook
1.6 A Choice
Key Terms
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 2: Matter and Energy
2.1 What Makes Up the Universe?
2.2 Representations of Matter: Models and Symbols
2.3 States of Matter
2.4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
2.5 Pure Substances and Mixtures
2.6 Separation of Mixtures
2.7 Elements and Compounds
2.8 The Electrical Character of Matter
2.9 Characteristics of a Chemical Change
2.10 Conservation Laws and Chemical Change
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 3: Measurement and Chemical Calculations
3.1 How Is Time Measured?
3.2 Scientific Notation
3.3 Conversion Factors
3.4 A Strategy for Solving Quantitative Chemistry Problems
3.5 Introduction to Measurement
3.6 Metric Units
3.7 Significant Figures
3.8 Significant Figures in Calculations
3.9 Metric-USCS Conversions
3.10 Temperature
3.11 Proportionality and Density
3.12 Thoughtful and Reflective
Practice
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 4: Introduction to Gases
4.1 Are the Gas Giants... Gas Giants?
4.2 Characteristics of Gases
4.3 A Particulate-Level Explanation of the Characteristics of Gases
4.4 Gas Pressure
4.5 Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature
4.6 Boyle's Law: Volume and Pressure
4.7 The Combined Gas Law: Volume, Temperature, and Pressure
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 5: Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom
5.1 Have the Elements Always Existed?
5.2 Dalton's Atomic Theory
5.3 The Electron
5.4 The Nuclear Atom and Subatomic Particles
5.5 Isotopes
5.6 Atomic Mass
5.7 The Periodic Table
5.8 Elemental Symbols and the Periodic Table
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 6: Chemical Nomenclature
6.1 Is It Soda or Pop or Coke?
6.2 Review of Selected Concepts Related to Nomenclature
6.3 Formulas of Elements
6.4 Compounds Made from Two Nonmetals
6.5 Names and Formulas of Monatomic Ions: Group 1A/1 and 2A/2 Metals and the Nonmetals
6.6 Names and Formulas of Monatomic Ions: Additional Metals
6.7 Formulas of Ionic Compounds
6.8 Names of Ionic Compounds
6.9 The Nomenclature of Oxoacids
6.10 The Nomenclature of Oxoanions
6.11 The Nomenclature of Acid Anions
6.12 The Nomenclature of Hydrates
6.13 Summary of the Nomenclature System
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Question
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 7: Chemical Formula Relationships
7.1 How Do You Weigh Something Too Small to Weigh?
7.2 The Number of Atoms in a Formula
7.3 Molecular Mass and Formula Mass
7.4 Stoichiometric Amount
7.5 Molar Mass
7.6 Conversion Among Mass, Amount in Moles, and Number of Units
7.7 Mass Relationships Among Elements in a Compound: Percentage Composition by Mass
7.8 Empirical Formula of a Compound
7.9 Determination of a Molecular Formula
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions
8.1 Do Chemical Reactions Occur Outside of Earth?
8.2 Evidence of a Chemical Change
8.3 Evolution of a Chemical Equation
8.4 Balancing Chemical Equations
8.5 Interpreting Chemical Equations
8.6 Writing Chemical Equations
8.7 Combination Reactions
8.8 Decomposition Reactions
8.9 Single-Replacement Reactions
8.10 Double-Replacement Reactions
8.11 Summary of Reactions and Equations
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Equation-Classification Exercise
Equation-Balancing Exercise
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 9: Chemical Change
9.1 Why Is Salt Solution Different from Sugar Solution?
9.2 Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity
9.3 Solutions of Ionic Compounds
9.4 Strong and Weak Acids
9.5 Net Ionic Equations: What They Are and How to Write Them
9.6 Single-Replacement Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
9.7 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Some Common Organic Compounds
9.8 Double-Replacement Precipitation Reactions
9.9 Double-Replacement Molecule-Formation Reactions
9.10 Double-Replacement Reactions That Form Unstable Products
9.11 Double-Replacement Reactions with Undissolved Reactants
9.12 Other Double-Replacement Reactions
9.13 Summary of Net Ionic Equations
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Electrolyte-Classification Exercise
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 10: Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions
10.1 Okay, Houston, We've Had a Problem Here
10.2 Conversion Factors from a Chemical Equation
10.3 Mass-Mass Stoichiometry
10.4 Percentage Yield
10.5 Limiting Reactants: The Problem
10.6 Limiting Reactants: Comparison-of-Moles Method
10.7 Limiting Reactants: Smaller-Amount Method
10.8 Energy
10.9 Thermochemical Equations
10.10 Thermochemical Stoichiometry
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Problem-Classification Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 11: Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom
11.1 What Causes the Northern Lights?
11.2 Electromagnetic Radiation
11.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
11.4 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
11.5 Electron Configuration
11.6 Valence Electrons
11.7 Trends in the Periodic Table
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 12: Chemical Bonding
12.1 How Did the Chemistry of the Universe Begin?
12.2 Monatomic Ions with Noble Gas Electron Configurations
12.3 Ionic Bonds
12.4 Covalent Bonds
12.5 Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
12.6 Multiple Bonds
12.7 Atoms That Are Bonded to Two or More Other Atoms
12.8 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
12.9 Metallic Bonds
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 13: Structure and Shape
13.1 How Is Genetic Information Stored in Molecules?
13.2 Drawing Lewis Diagrams
13.3 Electron-Pair Repulsion: Electron-Pair Geometry
13.4 Molecular Geometry
13.5 The Geometry of Multiple Bonds
13.6 Polarity of Molecules
13.7 The Structures of Some Organic Compounds (Optional)
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Lewis Diagram Recognition Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 14: The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications
14.1 How Are Tiny Gas Molecules Capable of Launching a Rocket?
14.2 Gases Revisited
14.3 Avogadro's Law
14.4 The Ideal Gas Law
14.5 The Ideal Gas Equation: Determination of a Single Variable
14.6 Gas Density
14.7 Molar Volume
14.8 Gas Stoichiometry at Standard Temperature and Pressure
14.9 Gas Stoichiometry: Molar Volume Method (Option 1)
14.10 Gas Stoichiometry: Ideal Gas Equation Method (Option 2)
14.11 Volume-Volume Gas Stoichiometry
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 15: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
15.1 Does Liquid Water Exist Beyond Planet Earth?
15.2 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
15.3 Properties of Liquids
15.4 Types of Intermolecular Forces
15.5 Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium
15.6 The Boiling Process
15.7 Water-An "Unusual" Compound
15.8 The Solid State
15.9 Types of Crystalline Solids
15.10 Energy and Change of State
15.11 Energy and Change of Temperature: Specific Heat
15.12 Change in Temperature Plus Change of State
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 16: Solutions
16.1 Are There Earth-Like Oceans on Other Planets?
16.2 The Characteristics of a Solution
16.3 Solution Terminology
16.4 The Formation of a Solution
16.5 Factors That Determine Solubility
16.6 Solution Concentration: Percentage Concentration by Mass
16.7 Solution Concentration: Molarity
16.8 Solution Concentration: Molality (Optional)
16.9 Solution Concentration: Normality (Optional)
16.10 Solution Concentration: A Summary
16.11 Dilution of Concentrated Solutions
16.12 Solution Stoichiometry
16.13 Titration Using Molarity
16.14 Titration Using Normality (Optional)
16.15 Colligative Properties of Solutions (Optional)
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 17: Acid-Base (Proton Transfer) Reactions
17.1 Is the Existence of Acid Molecules Exclusive to Earth?
17.2 The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases (Optional)
17.3 The Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
17.4 The Lewis Theory of Acids and Bases (Optional)
17.5 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
17.6 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
17.7 Predicting Acid-Base Reactions
17.8 Acid-Base Reactions and Redox Reactions Compared
17.9 The Water Equilibrium
17.10 pH and pOH (Integer Values Only)
17.11 Non-Integer pH-[H+] and pOH-[OH-] Conversions (Optional)
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
18.1 What Patterns Characterize Reversible Chemical Equilibrium Reactions?
18.2 The Character of an Equilibrium
18.3 The Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
18.4 Energy Changes During a Molecular Collision
18.5 Conditions That Affect the Rate of a Chemical Reaction
18.6 The Development of a Chemical Equilibrium
18.7 Le Chatelier's Principle
18.8 The Equilibrium Constant
18.9 The Significance of the Value of K
18.10 Equilibrium Calculations: An Introduction (Optional)
18.11 Equilibrium Calculations: Solubility Equilibria (Optional)
18.12 Equilibrium Calculations: Ionization Equilibria (Optional)
18.13 Equilibrium Calculations: Gaseous Equilibria (Optional)
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction (Electron Transfer) Reactions
19.1 How do You Power a Vehicle on the Surface of the Moon?
19.2 Electron Transfer Reactions
19.3 Voltaic and Electrolytic Cells
19.4 Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions
19.5 Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
19.6 Strengths of Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
19.7 Predicting Redox Reactions
19.8 Redox Reactions and Acid-Base Reactions Compared
19.9 Writing Redox Equations (Optional)
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 20: Nuclear Chemistry
20.1 How did Marie Curie Find Happiness in Difficult Working Conditions?
20.2 The Dawn of Nuclear Chemistry
20.3 Radioactivity
20.4 The Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity
20.5 The Effects of Radiation on Living Systems
20.6 Half-Life
20.7 Natural Radioactive Decay Series-Nuclear Equations
20.8 Nuclear Reactions and Ordinary Chemical Reactions Compared
20.9 Nuclear Bombardment and Induced Radioactivity
20.10 Uses of Radioisotopes
20.11 Nuclear Fission
20.12 Electrical Energy from Nuclear Fission
20.13 Nuclear Fusion
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 21: Organic Chemistry
21.1 Are There Organic Molecules in Space?
21.2 The Nature of Organic Chemistry
21.3 The Molecular Structure of Compounds
21.4 Saturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
21.5 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkenes and Alkynes
21.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
21.7 Summary of the Categories of Hydrocarbons
21.8 Sources and Preparation of Hydrocarbons
21.9 Chemical Reactions of Hydrocarbons
21.10 Uses of Hydrocarbons
21.11 Alcohols and Ethers
21.12 Aldehydes and Ketones
21.13 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
21.14 Amines and Amides
21.15 Summary of the Organic Compounds of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
21.16 Chain-Growth Polymers
21.17 Step-Growth Polymers
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 22: Biochemistry
22.1 Is There Life on Other Planets?
22.2 Amino Acids and Proteins
22.3 Enzymes
22.4 Carbohydrates
22.5 Lipids
22.6 Nucleic Acids
Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Concept-Linking Exercises
Small-Group Discussion Questions
Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Appendix I: Chemical Calculations
Appendix II: The SI System Of Units
Glossary
Index