Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgments......Page 16
About the Authors......Page 18
Overview......Page 20
What Is a Wireless System?......Page 23
General Architecture, Basic Concepts, and Terminology......Page 25
Historical Perspective......Page 29
Systems Engineering and the Role of the Systems Engineer......Page 31
Problem Statement......Page 35
Introduction......Page 36
Transmitting and Receiving Electromagnetic Waves......Page 37
Isotropic Radiation......Page 39
Antenna Radiation Patterns......Page 41
The Range Equation......Page 47
Thermal Noise and Receiver Analysis......Page 53
Characterizing Noise Sources......Page 54
Characterizing Two-Ports......Page 66
System-Level Design......Page 80
Receiver Sensitivity......Page 81
Top-Level Design......Page 82
An Example Link Budget......Page 85
Problems......Page 89
Introduction......Page 96
Macroscopic Models 1: Reflection from the Earthβs Surface......Page 98
Macroscopic Models 2: Empirical Models......Page 105
The Hata Model......Page 106
The Lee Model......Page 109
Macroscopic Models 3: Log-Normal Shadowing......Page 114
Introduction......Page 119
A Two-Ray Model for Multipath Propagation: Stationary Receiver......Page 121
Rayleigh Fading......Page 125
Coherence Bandwidth......Page 134
Microscopic Models 3: A Two-Ray Model with a Moving Receiver......Page 140
Microscopic Models 4: A Statistical Model with a Moving Receiver......Page 148
Area Coverage......Page 151
The Link Budget......Page 156
Conclusions......Page 158
Problems......Page 160
Motivation......Page 168
Requirements Assessment and System Architecture......Page 169
Cellular Concepts......Page 172
Cochannel Interference......Page 186
Adjacent-Channel Interference......Page 190
The Key Trade-offs......Page 192
Sectoring......Page 194
Cell Splitting......Page 198
Operational Considerations......Page 202
The Mobile Switching Center......Page 203
Handoff Concepts and Considerations......Page 204
Traffic Engineering, Trunking, and Grade of Service......Page 206
Conclusions......Page 213
Problems......Page 215
Introduction......Page 222
Baseband Digital Communication Architecture......Page 223
Baseband Pulse Detection......Page 226
The Matched Filter......Page 231
Correlation......Page 235
Correlation Receiver......Page 239
Receiver Performance......Page 241
Modulation Overview......Page 245
Modulated Carrier Communication Architecture......Page 246
Digital Modulation Principles......Page 248
Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK)......Page 255
Differential Binary Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK)......Page 258
Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK)......Page 262
Offset QPSK (OQPSK)......Page 270
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)......Page 273
Gaussian Frequency-Shift Keying (GFSK)......Page 281
Minimum-Shift Keying (MSK)......Page 283
Overview......Page 286
Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum......Page 287
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum......Page 290
Conclusions......Page 297
Problems......Page 299
Introduction......Page 306
Channel Access in Cellular Systems......Page 309
Frequency-Division Multiple Access......Page 314
The AM Broadcasting Band......Page 315
The AMPS Cellular Telephone System......Page 316
Effect of Transmitted Signal Design......Page 317
Frequency-Division Duplexing......Page 318
Time-Division Multiple Access......Page 319
The U.S. Digital Cellular (USDC) System......Page 321
The GSM System......Page 323
Time-Division Duplexing......Page 324
Code-Division Multiple Access......Page 325
Frequency-Hopping CDMA Systems......Page 326
Direct-Sequence CDMA Systems......Page 330
Contention-Based Multiple Access......Page 344
The Aloha Multiple-Access Protocol......Page 345
The Slotted Aloha Protocol......Page 347
Carrier-Sense Multiple Access......Page 349
Conclusions......Page 354
Problems......Page 356
Introduction......Page 362
Information Sources and Their Characterization......Page 365
Speech......Page 366
Music......Page 367
Images......Page 368
Video......Page 369
Data......Page 370
Quality of Service (QoS)......Page 371
Smooth versus Chunky......Page 373
Digitization of Speech Signals......Page 374
Pulse Code Modulation......Page 375
Differential PCM......Page 386
Vocoders......Page 390
Coding for Error Correction......Page 395
Convolutional Codes......Page 396
Conclusions......Page 408
Problems......Page 411
Introduction......Page 416
The First Generation......Page 418
The Second Generation......Page 419
Toward a Third Generation......Page 424
Generation 2.5......Page 426
Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA)......Page 430
cdma2000 Radio Transmission Technology (RTT)......Page 439
OFDM: An Architecture for the Fourth Generation......Page 451
Conclusions......Page 461
The Normal Distribution......Page 462
Function Tables......Page 465
Grade of Service and the State of the Switch......Page 472
A Model for Call Arrivals......Page 473
A Model for Holding Time......Page 475
The Switch State Probabilities......Page 476
Blocking Probability, Offered Load, and Erlang B......Page 479
Computational Techniques for the Erlang B Formula......Page 481
Erlang B Table......Page 484
Acronyms......Page 496
A......Page 502
B......Page 504
C......Page 505
D......Page 508
F......Page 510
G......Page 511
H......Page 512
K......Page 514
M......Page 515
O......Page 517
P......Page 518
Q......Page 519
R......Page 520
S......Page 521
T......Page 524
W......Page 526