Introduction to Radar Analysis

✍ Scribed by Bassem R. Mahafza

• Publisher: CRC Press/Chapman & Hall
• Year: 2017
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 461
• Series: Advances in Applied Mathematics
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Introduction to Radar Analysis, Second Edition is a major revision of the popular textbook. It is written within the context of communication theory as well as the theory of signals and noise. By emphasizing principles and fundamentals, the textbook serves as a vital source for students and engineers.

Part I bridges the gap between communication, signal analysis, and radar. Topics include modulation techniques and associated Continuous Wave (CW) and pulsed radar systems.

Part II is devoted to radar signal processing and pulse compression techniques.

Part III presents special topics in radar systems including radar detection, radar clutter, target tracking, phased arrays, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).

Many new exercise are included and the author provides comprehensive easy-to-follow mathematical derivations of all key equations and formulas.

The author has worked extensively for the U.S. Army, the U.S. Space and Missile Command, and other military agencies. This is not just a textbook for senior level and graduates students, but a valuable tool for practicing radar engineers.

Features

• Authored by a leading industry radar professional.

• Comprehensive up-to-date coverage of radar systems analysis issues.

• Easy to follow mathematical derivations of all equations and formulas

• Numerous graphical plots and table format outputs. One part of the book is dedicated to radar waveforms and radar signal processing.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
PART I: Signals, Systems, Modulation Techniques, and Basic Radar Concepts
Chapter 1: Introduction
The General Communication System
The General Radar System
Comparison of the Two Systems
Chapter 2: Signals and Systems
Signal Classifications
The Fourier Transform
Systems Classifications
Linear and Nonlinear Systems
Time Invariant and Time Varying Systems
Stable and Nonstable Systems
Causal and Noncausal Systems
The Fourier Series
Convolution and Correlation Integrals
Energy and Power Spectrum Densities
Lowpass, Bandpass Signals and Quadrature Components
The Analytic Signal (Pre-envelope)
Random Variables
Random Processes
Discrete Time Systems and Signals
Sampling Theorem
The Z-Transform
The Discrete Fourier Transform
Discrete Power Spectrum
Windowing Techniques
Problems
Appendix 2-A: Fourier Transform Pairs
Appendix 2-B: Common Probability Densities
Appendix 2-C: Z-Transform Pairs
Chapter 3: Modulation Techniques
Introduction
Amplitude Modulation - Suppressed Carrier
Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation - Large Carrier
Single Sideband Amplitude Modulation
Frequency Modulation
Spectra of a Few Common Radar Signals
Continuous Wave Signal - Unmodulated
Finite Duration Pulse Signal - Amplitude Modulation
Periodic Pulse Signal - Amplitude Modulation
Finite Duration Pulse Train Signal - Amplitude Modulation
Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) Signal
Problems
Chapter 4: Radar Systems - Basic Concepts
Radar Classifications
Range Measurements
Unambiguous Range
Range Resolution
Doppler Frequency
Coherence
Radar Wave Propagation
Earth’s Atmosphere
Atmospheric Models
Index of Refraction in the Troposphere
Index of Refraction in the Ionosphere
Four-Third Earth Model
Target Height Equation
Ground Reflection
Smooth Surface Reflection Coefficient
Divergence
Rough Surface Reflection
Total Reflection Coefficient
Multipath Effects
Atmospheric Attenuation
Attenuation Due to Precipitation
Problems
Chapter 5: The Radar Equation
The Radar Range Equation
Low PRF Radar Equation
High PRF Radar Equation
Surveillance Radar Equation
Radar Equation With Jamming
Self-Screening Jammers (SSJ)
Stand-Off Jammers (SOJ)
Bistatic Radar Equation
Radar Cross Section (RCS)
Target Scintillation
Noise Figure
Radar Losses
Transmit and Receive Losses
Antenna Pattern Loss and Scan Loss
Atmospheric Loss
Collapsing Loss
Processing Losses
Radar Reference Range
Pulse Integration
Coherent Integration
Non-Coherent Integration
Detection Range with Pulse Integration
Design Exercises
Problems
PART II: Frequency Modulation Radar Systems
Chapter 6: Continuous Wave and Pulsed Radars
Continuous Wave (CW) Radar
Functional Block Diagram
Linear FM (LFM) CW Radar
Multiple Frequency CW Radar
Effect of FM Transmitter Noise on the Receiver
Pulsed Radar
Pulse Doppler Radar Signal Processing
Resolving Range Ambiguity
Resolving Doppler Ambiguity
Problems
Chapter 7: The Matched Filter Receiver and the Ambiguity Function
The Matched Filter Receiver
White Noise Case
The Replica
General Formula for the Output of the Matched Filter
Stationary Target Case
Moving Target Case
Ambiguity Function
Examples of the Ambiguity Function
Single Pulse Ambiguity Function
LFM Ambiguity Function
Approximation of the Ambiguity Contours
Phase Coded Ambiguity Function
Discrete Code Signal Representation
Phase Coding
Problems
Chapter 8: Pulse Compression
Time-Bandwidth Product
Basic Principle of Pulse Compression
Correlation Processor
Stretch Processor
Single LFM Pulse
Problems
PART III: Special Topics in Radar Systems
Chapter 9: Radar Clutter
Clutter Definition
Surface Clutter
Radar Equation for Area Clutter - Airborne Radar
Volume Clutter
Radar Equation for Volume Clutter
Surface Clutter RCS
Clutter Components
Clutter Backscatter Coefficient Statistical Models
Surface Clutter Case
Volume Clutter Case
Problems
Chapter 10: Moving Target Indicator
Clutter Power Spectrum Density
Concept of a Moving Target Indicator
Single Delay Line Canceler
Double Delay Line Canceler
Delay Lines with Feedback (Recursive Filters)
PRF Staggering
MTI Improvement Factor
Two-Pulse MTI Case
Subclutter Visibility
Delay Line Cancelers with Optimal Weights
Phase Noise
Problems
Chapter 11: Radar Detection
Single Pulse with Known Parameters
Single Pulse with Known Amplitude and Unknown Phase
Probability of False Alarm
Probability of Detection
Pulse Integration
Coherent Integration
Non-coherent Integration
Improvement Factor and Integration Loss
Target Fluctuation; The Chi-Square Family of Targets
Cumulative Probability of Detection
M-out-of-N Detection
The Radar Equation Revisited
Problems
Chapter 12: Target Tracking
Angle Tracking
Sequential Lobing
Conical Scan
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse
Phase Comparison Monopulse
Range Tracking
Track-While-Scan (TWS)
State Variable Representation of an LTI System
The LTI System of Interest
Fixed-Gain Tracking Filters
The αβ Filter
The αβγ Filter
The Kalman Filter
Relationship between Kalman and αβγ Filters
Radar Measurement Errors
Problems
Chapter 13: Phase Array Antennas
Directivity, Power, Gain, and Effective Aperture
Near and Far Fields
General Arrays
Linear Arrays
Array Tapering
Computation of the Radiation Pattern Via the DFT
Planar Arrays
Rectangular Grid Arrays
Circular Grid Arrays
Concentric Grid Circular Arrays
Rectangular Grid with Circular Boundary Arrays
Hexagonal Grid Arrays
Array Scan Loss
Problems
Chapter 14: Synthetic Aperture Radar
Introduction
Real Versus Synthetic Arrays
Side Looking SAR Geometry
SAR Design Considerations
SAR Radar Equation
SAR Signal Processing
Side Looking SAR Doppler Processing
SAR Imaging Using Doppler Processing
Range Walk
Problems
Chapter 15: Textbook Radar Design Case Study
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #1
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #2
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #3
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #4
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #5
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #6
Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #7
Bibliography
Index