Introduction to Nanotechnology

✍ Scribed by Charles P. Poole Jr., Frank J. Owens

• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
• Year: 2003
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 400
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This self-confessed introduction provides technical administrators and managers with a broad, practical overview of the subject and gives researchers working in different areas an appreciation of developments in nanotechnology outside their own fields of expertise.

✦ Table of Contents

CONTENTS
PREFACE
1 INTRODUCTION
2 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE
2.1. STRUCTURE
2.1 .l. Size Dependence of Properties
2.1.2. Crystal Structures
2.1.3. Face-Centered Cubic Nanoparticles
2.1.4. Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductor Structures
2.1.5. Lattice Vibrations
2.2. ENERGY BANDS
2.2.1. Insulators, Semiconductors, and Conductors
2.2.2. Reciprocal Space
2.2.3. Energy Bands and Gaps of Semiconductors
2.2.4. Effective Masses
2.2.5. Fermi Surfaces
2.3. LOCALIZED PARTICLES
2.3.1. Donors, Acceptors, and Deep Traps
2.3.2. Mobility
2.3.3. Excitons
3 METHODS OF MEASURING PROPERTIES
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. STRUCTURE
3.2.1. Atomic Structures
3.2.2. Crystallography
3.2.3. Particle Size Determination
3.2.4. Surface Structure
3.3. MICROSCOPY
3.3.1. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.3.2 Field Ion Microscopy
3.3.3. Scanning Microscopy
3.4. SPECTROSCOPY
3.4.1. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
3.4.2. Photoemission and X-Ray Spectroscopy
3.4.3. Magnetic Resonance
4 PROPERTIES OF IN DIVI DUAL NANOPARTICLES
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.2. METAL NANOCLUSTERS
4.2.1. Magic Numbers
4.2.2. Theoretical Modeling of Nanoparticles
4.2.3. Geometric Structure
4.2.4. Electronic Structure
4.2.5. Reactivity
4.2.6. Fluctuations
4.2.7. Magnetic Clusters
4.2.8. Bulk to Nanotransition
4.3. SEMICONDUCTING NANOPARTICLES
4.3.1. Optical Properties
4.3.2. Photofragmentation
4.3.3. Coulombic Explosion
4.4. RARE GAS AND MOLECULAR CLUSTERS
4.4.1. Inert-Gas Clusters
4.4.2. Superfluid Clusters
4.4.3. Molecular Clusters
4.5. METHODS OF SYNTHESIS
4.5.1. RF Plasma
4.5.2. Chemical Methods
4.5.3. Thermolysis
4.5.4. Pulsed Laser Methods
4.6. CONCLUSION
5 CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. CARBON MOLECULES
5.2.1. Nature of the Carbon Bond
5.2.2. New Carbon Structures
5.3. CARBON CLUSTERS
5.3.1. Small Carbon Clusters
5.3.2. Discovery of Cs0
5.3.3. Structure of c60 and Its Crystal
5.3.4. Alkali-Doped c60
5.3.5. Superconductivity in C6,,
5.3.6. Larger and Smaller Fullerenes
5.3.7. Other Buckyballs
5.4. CARBON NANOTUBES
5.4.1. Fabrication
5.4.2. Structure
5.4.3. Electrical Properties
5.4.4. Vibrational Properties
5.4.5. Mechanical Properties
5.5. APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES
5.5.1. Field Emission and Shielding
5.5.2. Computers
5.5.3. Fuel Cells
5.5.4. Chemical Sensors
5.5.5. Catalysis
5.5.6. Mechanical Reinforcement
6 BULK NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
6.1. SOLID DISORDERED NANOSTRUCTURES
6.1.1. Methods of Synthesis
6.1.2. Failure Mechanisms of Conventional Grain-Sized Materials
6.1.3. Mechanical Properties
6.1.4. Nanostructured Multilayers
6.1.5. Electrical Properties
6.1.6. Other Properties
6.1.7. Metal Nanocluster Composite Glasses
6.1.8. Porous Silicon
6.2. NANOSTRUCTURED CRYSTALS
6.2.1. Natural Nanocrystals
6.2.2. Computational Prediction of Cluster Lattices
6.2.3. Arrays of Nanoparticles in Zeolites
6.2.4. Crystals of Metal Nanoparticles
6.2.5. Nanoparticle Lattices in Colloidal Suspensions
6.2.6. Photonic Crystals A photonic crystal consists of a latti
7 NANOSTRUCTU RED FERROMAGNETISM
7.1. BASICS OF FERROMAGNETISM
7.2. EFFECT OF BULK NANOSTRUCTURING ON MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
7.3. DYNAMICS OF NANOMAGNETS
7.4. NANOPORE CONTAINMENT OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES
7.5. NANOCARBON FERROMAGNETS
7.6. GIANT AND COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE
7.7. FERROFLUIDS
8 OPTICAL AND VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. INFRARED FREQUENCY RANGE
8.2.1. Spectroscopy of Semiconductors; Excitons
8.2.2. Infrared Surface Spectroscopy
8.2.3. Raman Spectroscopy
8.2.4. Brillouin Spectroscopy
8.3. LUMINESCENCE
8.3.1. Photoluminescence
8.3.2. Surface States
8.3.3. Thermoluminescence
8.4. NANOSTRUCTURES IN ZEOLITE CAGES
9 QUANTUM WELLS, WIRES, AND DOTS
9.1. INTRODUCTION
9.2. PREPARATION OF QUANTUM NANOSTRUCTURES
9.3. SIZE AND DIMENSIONALITY EFFECTS
9.3.1. Size Effects
9.3.2. Conduction Electrons and Dimensionality
9.3.3. Fermi Gas and Density of States
9.3.4. Potential Wells
9.3.5. Partial Confinement
9.3.6. Properties Dependent on Density of States
9.4. EXCITONS
9.5. SINGLE-ELECTRON TUNNELING
9.6. APPLICATIONS
9.6.1. Infrared Detectors
9.6.2. Quantum Dot Lasers
9.7. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
10 SELF-ASSEMBLY AND CATALYSIS
10.1. SELF-ASSEMBLY
10.1.1. Process of Self-Assembly
10.1.2. Semiconductor Islands
10.1.3. Monolayers
10.2. CATALYSIS
10.2.1. Nature of Catalysis
10.2.2. Surface Area of Nanoparticles
10.2.3. Porous Materials
10.2.4. Pillared Clays
10.2.5. Colloids
11 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND POLYMERS
11 .l. INTRODUCTION
11.2. FORMING AND CHARACTERIZING POLYMERS
11.2.1. Polymerization
11.2.2. Sizes of Polymers
11.3. NANOCRYSTALS
11.3.1. Condensed Ring Types
11.3.2. Polydiacetylene Types
11.4. POLYMERS
11.4.1. Conductive Polymers
11.4.2. Block Copolymers
11.5. SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURES
11 5.1 Transition-Metal-Mediated Types
11. 5.2 Dendritic Molecules
11. 5.3 Supramolecular Dendrimers
11 .5.4 Micelles
12 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
12.1. INTRODUCTION
12.2. BIOLOGICAL BUILDING BLOCKS
12.2.1. Sizes of Building Blocks and Nanostructures
12.2.2. Polypeptide Nanowire and Protein Nanoparticle
12.3. NUCLEIC ACIDS
12.3.1. DNA Double Nanowlre
12.3.2. Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
12.4. BIOLOGICAL NANOSTRUCTURES
12.4.1. Examples of Proteins
12.4.2. Micelles and Vesicles
12.4.3. Multilayer Films
13 NANOMACHINES AND NANODEVICES
13.1. MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMSs
13.2. NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (NEMSs)
13.2.1. Fabrication
13.2.2. Nanodevices and Nanomachines
13.3. MOLECULAR AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SWITCHES
APPENDIX A FORMULAS FOR DIMENSIONALITY
A.l. INTRODUCTION
A.2. DELOCALIZATION
A.3. PARTIAL CONFINEMENT
Appendix B TABULATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
INDEX