Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources

✍ Scribed by Donald L. Grebner, Pete Bettinger, Jacek Siry, Kevin Boston

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 513
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources, Second Edition, presents a broad, completely updated overview of the profession of forestry. The book details several key fields within forestry, including forest management, economics, policy, utilization and forestry careers. Chapters deal specifically with forest regions of the world, landowners, forest products, wildlife habitats, tree anatomy and physiology, and forest disturbances and health. These topics are ideal for undergraduate introductory courses and include numerous examples and questions for students to ponder. There is also a section dedicated to forestry careers.

Unlike other introductory forestry texts, which focus largely on forest ecology rather than practical forestry concepts, this book encompasses the economic, ecological and social aspects, thus providing a uniquely balanced text. The wide range of experience of the contributing authors equips them especially well to identify missing content from other texts in the area and address topics currently covered in corresponding college courses.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover
INTRODUCTION TO FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION TO FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1 - A brief history of forestry and natural resource management
1.1 What is forestry and natural resource management?
1.2 What are forests?
1.3 Why are forests important to humans?
1.4 A brief history of human interaction with forests
1.4.1 The forest extraction perspective
1.4.2 The forest renewability and management perspective
1.5 Forests in the current world political and environmental context
1.6 Human developmental pressures on forests
1.7 What are the major challenges to forests in the future?
Summary
References
2 - Forest regions of the world
2.1 North America
2.1.1 United States of America
2.1.2 Canada
2.1.3 Mexico
2.2 Central America
2.2.1 Costa Rica
2.2.2 Guatemala
2.2.3 Honduras
2.2.4 Nicaragua
2.2.5 Panama
2.3 South America
2.3.1 Argentina
2.3.2 Bolivia
2.3.3 Brazil
2.3.4 Chile
2.3.5 Colombia
2.3.6 Peru
2.3.7 Venezuela
2.4 Europe
2.4.1 Austria
2.4.2 Belarus
2.4.3 Finland
2.4.4 Germany
2.4.5 Russian Federation
2.4.6 Spain
2.4.7 United Kingdom
2.5 Asia
2.5.1 China
2.5.2 Indonesia
2.5.3 Japan
2.5.4 Republic of Korea (South Korea)
2.6 Africa
2.6.1 Democratic Republic of the Congo
2.6.2 Ghana
2.6.3 Nigeria
2.6.4 South Africa
2.6.5 United Republic of Tanzania
2.7 Oceania
2.7.1 Australia
2.7.2 New Zealand
2.7.3 Papua New Guinea
Summary
References
3 - Forest landowner goals, objectives, and constraints
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Objectives of forest landowners
3.2.1 Public ownership
3.2.1.1 Federal or national governments
3.2.1.2 State or provincial governments
3.2.1.3 County, parish, or borough government
3.2.1.4 Municipal or local government
3.2.1.5 University forests
3.2.1.6 Communal and community forests
3.2.2 Private ownership
3.2.2.1 Industrial landowners
3.2.2.2 Nonindustrial private owners
3.2.2.3 Timberland investment management organizations and real estate investment trusts
3.2.3 Nongovernmental organizations
3.3 Constraints of forest landowners
Summary
References
4 - Forest products
4.1 Commodities
4.1.1 Solid wood products
4.1.2 Pulp and paper
4.1.3 Composites and engineered wood
4.1.4 Chemicals
4.1.5 Residues
4.2 Nontimber forest products
4.2.1 Wildlife habitat and rangeland resources
4.2.2 Recreation
4.2.3 Water
4.2.4 Aesthetics
4.2.5 Biodiversity
4.2.6 Biofuels
4.2.7 Carbon
Summary
References
5 - Wildlife habitat relationships
5.1 What is wildlife?
5.2 What is wildlife habitat?
5.3 Characterization of habitat types
5.4 Succession and stand conditions
5.5 Edge versus interior habitats
5.6 Riparian zones and wildlife corridors
5.7 Direct and indirect management of habitat
5.8 Habitat models
5.9 Threats to wildlife habitat
5.9.1 Cane toad
5.9.2 Kudzu
5.9.3 Cogongrass
Summary
References
6 - Ecosystem services
6.1 What is an ecosystem?
6.2 What are ecosystem services?
6.3 Types of ecosystem services
6.3.1 Provisioning services
6.3.2 Regulating services
6.3.3 Cultural services
6.3.4 Supporting services
6.4 Trade-offs when managing for different forest ecosystem services
Summary
References
7 - Forest recreation
7.1 What is recreation?
7.2 What is forest recreation?
7.3 A brief history of forest recreation in the United States
7.4 Where are the forest recreational opportunities?
7.4.1 Federal recreational opportunities
7.4.2 State or provincial recreational opportunities
7.4.3 Urban and municipal recreational opportunities
7.4.4 Private recreational opportunities
7.5 Recreation opportunity spectrum
7.6 Factors that affect participation in forest recreation
7.6.1 People
7.6.2 Money
7.6.3 Time
7.6.4 Communications
7.7 Recreational planning and development
Summary
References
8 - Forest measurements and forestry related data
8.1 Measuring trees and the forest
8.2 Measuring other resources
8.2.1 Soil resources
8.2.2 Aquatic resource quality
8.2.3 Wildlife resources and habitat quality
8.2.4 Air quality and atmospheric conditions
8.2.5 Recreation-related resources
8.2.6 Rangeland resources
8.2.7 Forest fuels
8.2.8 Biodiversity
8.2.9 Nontimber forest products
8.3 Geographic information systems
8.4 Global satellite–based positioning and navigation systems
8.5 Aerial photographs and digital orthophotographs
8.6 Other remotely sensed imagery
8.7 Laser and LiDAR technology
8.8 Unmanned aerial vehicles: drones
Summary
References
9 - Tree anatomy and physiology
9.1 Tree anatomy
9.2 Transpiration and sap flow in a tree
9.3 Photosynthesis
9.4 Tree respiration
9.5 Tree growth
9.6 Tree roots
9.7 Tree regeneration
9.8 Tree tolerance to shade
9.9 Tree nutrition
9.10 Tree responses to signals
Summary
References
10 - Forest dynamics
10.1 Forest communities
10.2 Interaction, competition, and strategy among tree species
10.3 Gradients and niches
10.4 Forest succession
10.5 Stand dynamics following major disturbance
10.6 Gap dynamics
Summary
References
11 - Common forestry practices
11.1 Site preparation
11.2 Forest regeneration
11.2.1 Natural regeneration
11.2.2 Artificial regeneration
11.2.3 Afforestation
11.3 Early tending
11.4 Precommercial thinning
11.5 Pruning
11.6 Commercial thinning
11.7 Fertilization
11.8 Final harvest
11.9 Group selection harvests
11.10 Seed tree harvests
11.11 Shelterwood harvests
11.12 Uneven-aged partial selection harvests
11.13 Partial selective harvests
11.14 Salvage or sanitation harvests
11.15 Prescribed burning
11.16 Forest fuel reduction treatments
11.17 Understory cleaning
11.18 Biomass harvesting
11.19 Agroforestry
11.19.1 Silvopastoral systems
11.19.2 Alley cropping
11.19.3 Windbreaks
11.20 Clonal forestry
11.21 Forest protection
Summary
References
12 - Forest harvesting systems
12.1 Tree felling and processing in the woods
12.2 Primary transportation
12.3 Tree processing at a landing
12.4 Secondary transportation
12.5 Forest roads
12.6 Safety
12.7 Harvesting other products
Summary
References
13 - Forest and natural resource economics
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Why forest and natural resource economics?
13.3 Markets, efficiency, and government
13.4 The time value of money
13.5 Forest and natural resource investment evaluation criteria
13.6 Economics of a forest rotation
13.7 Nonmarket forest products
Summary
References
14 - Forest disturbances and health
14.1 What are forest disturbances?
14.2 Disturbances created by wind
14.3 Disturbances created by fire
14.4 Disturbances created by volcanic eruptions
14.5 Disturbances created by ice and snow
14.6 Disturbances created by floods
14.7 Disturbances created by diseases
14.8 Disturbances created by insects
14.9 Disturbances created by humans
Summary
References
15 - Forest policies and external pressures
15.1 What is a forest policy?
15.2 International forest policies
15.3 National, state, and provincial policies
15.4 Organizational and individual policies
15.5 Forest certification programs
15.5.1 Status of forest certification
15.5.2 Major forest certification programs
15.5.2.1 Forest Stewardship Council
15.5.2.2 Sustainable Forestry Initiative
15.5.2.3 The Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
15.5.3 Benefits and costs of forest certification
15.6 Trade issues
15.7 Forest carbon sequestration and markets
15.8 Renewable energy and forest resources
Summary
References
16 - Urban forestry
16.1 What is urban forestry?
16.2 A brief history of urban forestry
16.3 The benefits of urban forestry
16.3.1 Climate amelioration
16.3.2 Engineering benefits
16.3.3 Architectural and aesthetic benefits
16.3.4 Enhancement of real estate values
16.3.5 Enhancement of wildlife habitat
16.3.6 Social benefits
16.4 The environment of urban forestry
16.5 The management of urban forests
Summary
References
17 - Ethics
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Philosophical approaches to land or conservation ethics
17.2.1 Management of forestland in Upper Lapland, Finland
17.2.2 Management of family farms in Victoria, Australia
17.2.3 Bioenergy opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa
17.2.4 Clearcutting in the rainforest of British Columbia
17.3 Ethical conduct from a business perspective
17.4 Example codes of ethics in natural resource management
17.4.1 Society of American Foresters
17.4.2 Institute of Foresters of Australia (IFA)
17.4.3 Canadian Institute of Forestry
17.4.4 Southern African Institute of Forestry
17.4.5 New Brunswick Forest Technicians Association
Summary
References
18 - Forestry and natural resource management careers
18.1 Forestry and natural resource management careers
18.1.1 Forest ranger
18.1.2 Forest technician
18.1.3 Fire management officer and firefighter
18.1.4 Industrial or operations forester
18.1.5 Consulting forester
18.1.6 Urban forester
18.1.7 Utility forester
18.1.8 State and federal foresters
18.1.9 Procurement forester
18.1.10 Research forester
18.1.11 Inventory forester
18.1.12 Forest analyst and planner
18.1.13 Forest engineer
18.1.14 International development forester and natural resource manager
18.1.15 Silviculturist
18.1.16 Ecologist
18.1.17 Wildlife biologist
18.1.18 Fisheries biologist
18.1.19 Hydrologist and limnologist
18.1.20 Soil conservationist
18.1.21 Technical services forester
18.1.22 Invasive species coordinator
18.1.23 Forest recreation manager
18.1.24 Park interpreter and guide/naturalist
18.1.25 Forest entomologist
18.1.26 Certification and sustainability auditor
18.1.27 General or regional manager
18.1.28 Educator
18.1.29 Law enforcement/conservation officers
Summary
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Glossary
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z