Introduction to chemical engineering thermodynamics

✍ Scribed by Hendrick C. Van Ness; Michael M. Abbott; Joseph Mauk Smith; Mark Thomas Swihart

• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 781
• Edition: Nineth
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
List of Symbols
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Scope of Thermodynamics
1.2 International System of Units
1.3 Measures of Amount or Size
1.4 Temperature
1.5 Pressure
1.6 Work
1.7 Energy
1.8 Heat
1.9 Synopsis
1.10 Problems
2 THE FIRST LAW AND OTHER BASIC CONCEPTS
2.1 Joule’s Experiments
2.2 Internal Energy
2.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
2.4 Energy Balance for Closed Systems
2.5 Equilibrium and the Thermodynamic State
2.6 The Reversible Process
2.7 Closed-System Reversible Processes; Enthalpy
2.8 Heat Capacity
2.9 Mass and Energy Balances for Open Systems
2.10 Synopsis
2.11 Problems
3 VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS
3.1 The Phase Rule
3.2 PVT Behavior of Pure Substances
3.3 Ideal Gas and Ideal-Gas State
3.4 Virial Equations of State
3.5 Application of the Virial Equations
3.6 Cubic Equations of State
3.7 Generalized Correlations for Gases
3.8 Generalized Correlations for Liquids
3.9 Synopsis
3.10 Problems
4 HEAT EFFECTS
4.1 Sensible Heat Effects
4.2 Latent Heats of Pure Substances
4.3 Standard Heat of Reaction
4.4 Standard Heat of Formation
4.5 Standard Heat of Combustion
4.6 Temperature Dependence of ΔH°
4.7 Heat Effects of Industrial Reactions
4.8 Synopsis
4.9 Problems
5 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
5.1 Axiomatic Statements of the Second Law
5.2 Heat Engines and Heat Pumps
5.3 Carnot Engine with Ideal-Gas-State Working Fluid
5.4 Entropy
5.5 Entropy Changes for the Ideal-Gas State
5.6 Entropy Balance for Open Systems
5.7 Calculation of Ideal Work
5.8 Lost Work
5.9 The Third Law of Thermodynamics
5.10 Entropy from the Microscopic Viewpoint
5.11 Synopsis
5.12 Problems
6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
6.1 Fundamental Property Relations
6.2 Residual Properties
6.3 Residual Properties from the Virial Equations of State
6.4 Generalized Property Correlations for Gases
6.5 Two-Phase Systems
6.6 Thermodynamic Diagrams
6.7 Tables of Thermodynamic Properties
6.8 Synopsis
6.9 Addendum. Residual Properties in the Zero-Pressure Limit
6.10 Problems
7. APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO FLOW PROCESSES
7.1 Duct Flow of Compressible Fluids
7.2 Turbines (Expanders)
7.3 Compression Processes
7.4 Synopsis
7.5 Problems
8 PRODUCTION OF POWER FROM HEAT
8.1 The Steam Power Plant
8.2 Internal-Combustion Engines
8.3 Jet Engines; Rocket Engines
8.4 Synopsis
8.5 Problems
9 REFRIGERATION AND LIQUEFACTION
9.1 The Carnot Refrigerator
9.2 The Vapor-Compression Cycle
9.3 The Choice of Refrigerant
9.4 Absorption Refrigeration
9.5 The Heat Pump
9.6 Liquefaction Processes
9.7 Synopsis
9.8 Problems
10 THE FRAMEWORK OF SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS
10.1 Fundamental Property Relation
10.2 The Chemical Potential and Equilibrium
10.3 Partial Properties
10.4 The Ideal-Gas-State Mixture Model
10.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Pure Species
10.6 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Species in Solution
10.7 Generalized Correlations for the Fugacity Coefficient
10.8 The Ideal-Solution Model
10.9 Excess Properties
10.10 Synopsis
10.11 Problems
11 MIXING PROCESSES
11.1 Property Changes of Mixing
11.2 Heat Effects of Mixing Processes
11.3 Synopsis
11.4 Problems
12 PHASE EQUILIBRIUM: INTRODUCTION
12.1 The Nature of Equilibrium
12.2 The Phase Rule and Duhem’s Theorem
12.3 Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium: Qualitative Behavior
12.4 Equilibrium and Phase Stability
12.5 Vapor/Liquid/Liquid Equilibrium
12.6 Synopsis
12.7 Problems
13 THERMODYNAMIC FORMULATIONS FOR VAPOR/LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM
13.1 Excess Gibbs Energy and Activity Coefficients
13.2 The Gamma/Phi Formulation of VLE
13.3 Simplifications: Raoult’s Law, Modified Raoult’s Law, and Henry’s Law
13.4 Correlations for Liquid-Phase Activity Coefficients
13.5 Fitting Activity Coefficient Models to VLE Data
13.6 Residual Properties by Cubic Equations of State
13.7 VLE from Cubic Equations of State
13.8 Flash Calculations
13.9 Synopsis
13.10 Problems
14 CHEMICAL-REACTION EQUILIBRIA
14.1 The Reaction Coordinate
14.2 Application of Equilibrium Criteria to Chemical Reactions
14.3 The Standard Gibbs-Energy Change and the Equilibrium Constant
14.4 Effect of Temperature on the Equilibrium Constant
14.5 Evaluation of Equilibrium Constants
14.6 Relation of Equilibrium Constants to Composition
14.7 Equilibrium Conversions for Single Reactions
14.8 Phase Rule and Duhem’s Theorem for Reacting Systems
14.9 Multireaction Equilibria
14.10 Fuel Cells
14.11 Synopsis
14.12 Problems
15 TOPICS IN PHASE EQUILIBRIA
15.1 Liquid/Liquid Equilibrium
15.2 Vapor/Liquid/Liquid Equilibrium (VLLE)
15.3 Solid/Liquid Equilibrium (SLE)
15.4 Solid/Vapor Equilibrium (SVE)
15.5 Equilibrium Adsorption of Gases on Solids
15.6 Osmotic Equilibrium and Osmotic Pressure
15.7 Synopsis
15.8 Problems
16 THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES
16.1 Thermodynamic Analysis of Steady-State Flow Processes
16.2 Synopsis
16.3 Problems
A Conversion Factors and Values of the Gas Constant
B Properties of Pure Species
C Heat Capacities and Property Changes of Formation
D The Lee/Kesler Generalized-Correlation Tables
E Steam Tables
F Thermodynamic Diagrams
G UNIFAC Method
H Newton’s Method
Index