Introduction to Aerospace Engineering: Basic Principles of Flight [Team-IRA]

✍ Scribed by Ethirajan Rathakrishnan

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 259
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Provides a broad and accessible introduction to the field of aerospace engineering, ideal for semester-long courses  

Aerospace engineering, the field of engineering focused on the development of aircraft and spacecraft, is taught at universities in both dedicated aerospace engineering programs as well as in wider mechanical engineering curriculums around the world-yet accessible introductory textbooks covering all essential areas of the subject are rare. Filling this significant gap in the market, Introduction to Aerospace Engineering: Basic Principles of Flight provides beginning students with a strong foundational knowledge of the key concepts they will further explore as they advance through their studies.  

Designed to align with the curriculum of a single-semester course, this comprehensive textbook offers a student-friendly presentation that combines the theoretical and practical aspects of aerospace engineering. Clear and concise chapters cover the laws of aerodynamics, pressure, and atmospheric modeling, aircraft configurations, the forces of flight, stability and control, rockets, propulsion, and more. Detailed illustrations, well-defined equations, end-of-chapter summaries, and ample review questions throughout the text ensure students understand the core topics of aerodynamics, propulsion, flight mechanics, and aircraft performance. Drawn from the author’s thirty years’ experience teaching the subject to countless numbers of university students, this much-needed textbook:  

• Explains basic vocabulary and fundamental aerodynamic concepts  
• Describes aircraft configurations, low-speed aerofoils, high-lift devices, and rockets  
• Covers essential topics including thrust, propulsion, performance, maneuvers, and stability and control 
• Introduces each topic in a concise and straightforward manner as students are guided through progressively more advanced material 
• Includes access to companion website containing a solutions manual and lecture slides for instructors 

Introduction to Aerospace Engineering: Basic Principles of Flight is the perfect "one stop" textbook for instructors, undergraduates, and graduate students in Introduction to Aerospace Engineering or Introduction to Flight courses in Aerospace Engineering or Mechanical Engineering programs.

 

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
About the Author
About the Companion Website
Chapter 1 Basics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview
1.3 Modern Era
1.3.1 Actual Flights
1.3.2 Compressibility Issues
1.3.3 Supersonic Speeds
1.3.4 Continuity Concept
1.4 Conservation Laws
1.4.1 Conservation of Mass
1.4.2 Conservation of Momentum
1.4.3 Conservation of Energy
1.5 Incompressible Aerodynamics
1.5.1 Subsonic Flow
1.6 Compressible Aerodynamics
1.6.1 Transonic Flow
1.6.2 Supersonic Flow
1.6.3 Hypersonic Flow
1.7 Vocabulary
1.7.1 Boundary Layers
1.7.2 Turbulence
1.8 Aerodynamics in Other Fields
1.9 Essence of Fluid Mechanics
1.9.1 Some Basic Facts About Fluid Mechanics
1.9.2 Fluids and the Continuum
1.9.3 Dimension and Units
1.9.4 Law of Dimensional Homogeneity
1.9.5 The Perfect Gas Equation of State
1.9.6 Regimes of Fluid Mechanics
1.9.6.1 Ideal Fluid Flow
1.9.6.2 Viscous Incompressible Flow
1.9.6.3 Gas Dynamics
1.9.6.4 Rarefied Gas Dynamics
1.9.6.5 Flow of Multicomponent Mixtures
1.9.6.6 Non‐Newtonian Fluid Flow
1.10 Summary
Chapter 2 International Standard Atmosphere
2.1 Layers in the ISA
2.1.1 ICAO Standard Atmosphere
2.1.2 Temperature Modelling
2.2 Pressure Modelling
2.2.1 Pressure Above the Tropopause
2.3 Density Modelling
2.3.1 Other Standard Atmospheres
2.4 Relative Density
2.5 Altimeter
2.6 Summary
Problems
Chapter 3 Aircraft Configurations
3.1 Structure
3.2 Propulsion
3.3 Summary
Chapter 4 Low‐Speed Aerofoils
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Aerofoil
4.3 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments on an Aerofoil
4.4 Force and Moment Coefficients
4.5 Pressure Distribution
4.6 Pressure Distribution Variation with Incidence Angle
4.7 The Lift‐Curve Slope
4.8 Profile Drag
4.9 Pitching Moment
4.10 Movement of Centre of Pressure
4.11 Finite or Three‐Dimensional Wing
4.12 Geometrical Parameters of a Finite Wing
4.12.1 Leading‐Edge Radius and Chord Line
4.12.2 Mean Camber Line
4.12.3 Thickness Distribution
4.12.4 Trailing‐Edge Angle
4.13 Wing Geometrical Parameters
4.13.1 Wing Area S
4.13.2 Wing Span 2b
4.13.3 Average Chord c‾
4.13.4 Aspect Ratio A
4.13.5 Root Chord cr
4.13.6 Taper Ratio λ
4.13.7 Sweep Angle ∧
4.13.8 Mean Aerodynamic Chord mac
4.13.9 Dihedral Angle
4.13.10 Geometric Twist
4.14 Span‐Wise Flow Variation
4.15 Lift and Downwash
4.16 The Lift Curve of a Finite Wing
4.17 Induced Drag
4.18 The Total Drag of a Wing
4.19 Aspect Ratio Effect on Aerodynamic Characteristics
4.20 Pitching Moment
4.21 The Complete Aircraft
4.22 Straight and Level Flight
4.23 Total Drag
4.24 Reynolds Number Effect
4.25 Variation of Drag in Straight and Level Flight
4.26 The Minimum Power Condition
4.27 Minimum Drag‐to‐Velocity Ratio
4.28 The Stall
4.28.1 The Effect of Wing Section
4.28.2 Wing Planform Effect
4.29 The Effect of Protuberances
4.30 Summary
Problems
Chapter 5 High‐Lift Devices
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Trailing Edge Flap
5.3 The Plain Flap
5.4 The Split Flap
5.5 The Slotted Flap
5.6 The Fowler Flap
5.7 Comparison of Different Types of Flaps
5.8 Flap Effect on Aerodynamic Centre and Stability
5.9 The Leading Edge Slat
5.10 The Leading Edge Flap
5.11 Boundary Layer Control
5.11.1 Boundary Layer Blowing
5.12 Boundary Layer Suction
5.13 The Jet Flap
5.14 Summary
Chapter 6 Thrust
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Thrust Generation
6.2.1 History of Jet Engine Development
6.2.2 Types of Jet Engines
6.2.2.1 Turbojets
6.2.2.2 Turboprops
6.2.2.3 Turbofans
6.2.2.4 Turboshafts
6.2.2.5 Ramjets
6.3 Turbojet
6.4 Turboprop and Turboshaft Engines
6.5 Ramjet and Scramjet
6.6 The Ideal Ramjet
6.7 Rocket Propulsion
6.8 Propeller Engines
6.9 Thrust and Momentum
6.10 Bypass and Turbofan Engines
6.11 The Propeller
6.11.1 Working of a Propeller
6.11.2 Helix Angle and Blade Angle
6.11.3 Advance per Revolution
6.11.4 Pitch of a Propeller
6.11.5 Propeller Efficiency
6.11.6 Tip Speed
6.11.7 Variable Pitch
6.11.8 Number and Shape of Blades
6.12 The Slipstream
6.13 Gyroscopic Effect
6.14 Swing on Take‐Off
6.15 Thermodynamic Cycles of Jet Propulsion
6.15.1 Efficiency
6.15.2 Brayton Cycle
6.15.3 Ramjet Cycle
6.15.4 Turbojet Cycle
6.15.5 Turbofan Cycle
6.16 Summary
Chapter 7 Level Flight
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Forces in Level Flight
7.3 Equilibrium Condition
7.4 Balancing the Forces
7.4.1 Control Surface
7.4.2 Tail‐Less and Tail‐First Aircraft
7.4.3 Forces on Tailplane
7.4.4 Effect of Downwash
7.4.5 Varying the Tailplane Lift
7.4.6 Straight and Level Flight
7.4.7 Relation Between Flight Speed and Angle of Attack
7.5 Range Maximum
7.5.1 Flying with Minimum Drag
7.6 Altitude Effect on Propeller Efficiency
7.7 Wind Effect on Range
7.8 Endurance of Flight
7.9 Range Maximum
7.10 Endurance of Jet Engine
7.11 Summary
Chapter 8 Gliding
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Angle of Glide
8.3 Effect of Weight on Gliding
8.4 Endurance of Glide
8.5 Gliding Angle
8.6 Landing
8.7 Stalling Speed
8.8 High‐Lift Aerofoils
8.9 Wing Loading
8.9.1 Calculation of Minimum Landing Speed
8.10 Landing Speed
8.11 Short and Vertical Take‐Off and Landing
8.11.1 Gyroplane
8.12 The Helicopter
8.13 Jet Lift
8.14 Hovercraft
8.15 Landing
8.16 Effect of Flaps on Trim
8.17 Summary
Chapter 9 Performance
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Take‐Off
9.3 Climbing
9.4 Power Curves: Propeller Engine
9.5 Maximum and Minimum Speeds in Horizontal Flight
9.6 Effect of Engine Power Variation
9.7 Flight Altitude Effect on Engine Power
9.8 Ceiling
9.9 Effect of Weight on Performance
9.10 Jet Propulsion Effect on Performance
9.11 Summary
Chapter 10 Stability and Control
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Longitudinal Stability
10.3 Longitudinal Dihedral
10.4 Lateral Stability
10.4.1 Dihedral Angle
10.4.2 High Wing and Low Centre of Gravity
10.4.3 Lateral Stability of Aircraft with Sweepback
10.4.4 Fin Area and Lateral Stability
10.5 Directional Stability
10.6 Lateral and Directional Stability
10.7 Control of an Aircraft
10.8 Balanced Control
10.9 Mass Balance
10.10 Control at Low Speeds
10.11 Power Controls
10.12 Dynamic Instability
10.13 Summary
Chapter 11 Manoeuvres
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Acceleration
11.3 Pulling Out from a Dive
11.3.1 The Load Factor
11.3.2 Turning
11.3.3 Loads During a Turn
11.4 Correct Angles of Bank
11.5 Other Problems of Turning
11.6 Steep Bank
11.7 Aerobatics
11.8 Inverted Manoeuvres
11.9 Abnormal Weather
11.10 Manoeuvrability
11.11 Summary
Chapter 12 Rockets
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chemical Rocket
12.3 Engine Design
12.3.1 Saturn V
12.3.2 Space Shuttle Program
12.3.2.1 International Space Station
12.4 Thrust Generation
12.5 Specific Impulse
12.6 Rocket Equation
12.7 Efficiency
12.8 Trajectories
12.8.1 Newton's Laws of Motion
12.8.2 Newton's Laws of Gravitation
12.8.3 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
12.8.4 Some Important Equations of Orbital Dynamics
12.8.5 Lagrange Points
12.8.6 Hohmann Minimum‐Energy Trajectory
12.8.7 Gravity Assist
12.9 High‐Exhaust‐Velocity, Low‐Thrust Trajectories
12.9.1 High‐Exhaust‐Velocity Rocket Equation
12.10 Plasma and Electric Propulsion
12.10.1 Types of Plasma Engines
12.11 Pulsed Plasma Thruster
12.11.1 Operating Principle
12.12 Summary
Problems
References
Appendix A
Index
EULA