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Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in growing rats: Hypothermia and N-acetylcysteine modulation

✍ Scribed by Edna F.S. Montero; Marcos S. Abrahão; Márcia K. Koike; Mônica C.B. Manna; Carlos E.B. Ramalho


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2003
Tongue
English
Weight
165 KB
Volume
23
Category
Article
ISSN
0738-1085

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✦ Synopsis


Abstract

Our objective was to evaluate intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in growing rats, modulated by hypothermia (I/RH) and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). We used 30 EPM‐1 Wistar male rats, aged around 35 days, weighing 90 g. Rats were randomized into 5 groups with 6 animals in each: I/RH group, intestinal ischemia under hypothermia for 40 min and reperfusion for 30 min; I/RH‐NAC group, same procedure but adding NAC (150 mg·kg^−1^), previously with ischemia; S‐H group, topic hypothermia for 40 min, and observation for 30 min; I/R H‐Ve group; and S‐NAC group, NAC administration and observation for 70 min. All animals were heparinized and anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg kg^−1^) and xylazine (10 mg kg^−1^) intramuscularly. Surgical procedures were done under microsurgical technique (augmentation, 10×). After laparotomy, the superior mesenteric artery was dissected and clamped to promote ischemia. Topic hypothermia was obtained by using plastic bags at 4°C, changed every 10 min. Rats were sacrificed by exsanguination, and blood samples were utilized to measure Dlactate. Intestinal fragments were removed for morphological study. Statistical analysis was done with nonparametric tests (P ≤ 0.05). Concerning to D^‐^lactate, the data showed biochemical tissue injury, with hypothermia only (S‐H = 27 mg/dl), and this became more important when intestinal ischemia and reperfusion were associated to hypothermia (I/RH = 36 mg/dl). NAC decreased ischemia‐reperfusion injury (I/RH‐NAC = 19 mg/dl). Morphologic tissue injuries, evaluated by hematoxylin‐eosin staining, showed grades 4 and 5 for the I/RH and I/RH‐Ve groups, respectively, in contrast with other groups (I/RH‐NAC = 2, S‐H = 1, and S‐NAC = 1). Based on our data, we conclude that intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury occurred morphologically as well as functionally, even under hypothermia. However, NAC showed a protective effect on the small bowel from ischemia‐reperfusion injury.

Para avaliar a lesão de isquemia e reperfusão em ratos em crescimento, modulada com a hipotermia (I/RH) e a N‐acetilcisteína (NAC), foram usados 30 ratos machos, EPM‐1 Wistar, com idade de 35 dias, pesando 90 g. Os ratos foram randomizados em 5 grupos com 6 animais cada: grupo I/RH, isquemia intestinal + hipotermia por 40 min e reperfusão por 30 min; grupo I/RH‐NAC, adicionada à NAC (150 mg kg^−1^), previamente à isquemia; grupo simulado‐H, hipotermia tópica por 40 min e observação durante 30 min; grupo I/RH‐veículo; e grupo simulado‐NAC, administração de NAC e observação por 70 min. Após heparinização, os ratos foram anestesiados com cetamina (60 mg kg^−1^) e xilazina (10 mg kg^−1^), intramuscular. Os procedimentos operatórios foram realizados com técnica microcirúrgica (aumento, 10×). Após laparotomia, a artéria mesentérica superior foi dissecada e clampeada para promover isquemia. A hipotermia tópica foi obtida por meio de bolsas plásticas a 4°C, mudadas a cada 10 min. Os ratos foram sacrificados por exsangüinação e amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para medir o D^‐^lactato. Fragmentos intestinais foram removidos para o estudo morfológico. A análise estatística foi feita com teste de Kruskal‐Wallis (P ≤ 0.05). Com relação ao D^‐^lactato, os dados mostraram lesão bioquímica, com a hipotermia isoladamente (S‐H = 27 mg/dl) que se tornou mais acentuada quando a isquemia e reperfusão intestinal foram associadas (I/RH = 36 mg/dl). A NAC diminuiu a lesão de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal (I/RH‐NAC = 19 mg/dl). As lesões morfológicas, avaliadas na coloração de HE, mostraram graus 4 e 5 para os grupos I/R H e I/R H‐Ve, respectivamente, em contraste com os outros grupos (I/RH‐NAC = 2, S‐H = 1, e S‐NAC = 1). Os achados permitiram concluir que a lesão de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal ocorreu tanto morfologicamente como funcionalmente, mesmo com a associação da hipotermia, que isoladamente causou lesão bioquímica. Entretanto, a NAC mostrou um efeito protetor do intestino na lesão de isquemia e reperfusão. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:517–521 2003


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