Intervention and Resilience after Mass Trauma

✍ Scribed by Michael Blumenfield, Robert J. Ursano

• Year: 2008
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 206
• Edition: 1 Har/Cdr
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is one of the first to describe the field of disaster mental and behavioral health. Directed at fostering resilience and recovery, the authors emphasize planning and early intervention to lessen mental illness, distress, and health risks. Psychological first aid is discussed, as well as the potential role of psychopharmacology and the relevance of culture in the setting of the disaster. This is essential reading for mental health clinicians, along with educators and students in the increasing numbers of educational programs relating to the preparation and response to mass trauma and disaster situations. It should also be read by policy makers and public health specialists who must understand the impact of disaster on the person and the systems in which we live.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Foreword......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
Introduction......Page 21
Systems and early intervention......Page 22
The systems for disaster and terrorism prevention, preparation response, and recovery strategies......Page 23
Planning systems for terrorism and disaster......Page 24
Response systems for terrorism and disaster......Page 27
Potentially traumatogenic systems......Page 29
Emergency response systems......Page 30
Health systems......Page 31
Community systems......Page 32
Systems variables: conclusion......Page 33
Scientific themes for early intervention......Page 34
Prevailing focus of intervention research......Page 35
Vulnerable individuals......Page 37
Intervention early in the life cycle......Page 38
Trauma and early intervention......Page 39
Early interventions for the bereaved......Page 41
Population-focused early intervention......Page 42
Human malevolence and early intervention......Page 43
Psychological first aid......Page 44
Spontaneous community responses and systems......Page 45
Interventions for trauma exposures......Page 46
Interventions for other stressor exposures......Page 47
Self-care and information......Page 48
The science of early intervention: conclusion......Page 49
Policy, planning, preparation, and programs......Page 50
Schools......Page 51
Population and public health strategies......Page 52
Clinically focused early intervention......Page 53
Accredited providers for public health and clinical platforms of early intervention......Page 54
Population assessments......Page 55
Clinical assessments......Page 56
Cultural assessment......Page 57
Communities, collectives, and others......Page 58
Governance: implementation and evaluation of the mental health response plan......Page 59
Acknowledgments......Page 60
References......Page 61
Definitions......Page 69
Community......Page 70
Resilience......Page 71
Connectedness, commitment, and shared values......Page 73
Resources......Page 74
Critical reflection and skill building......Page 75
Robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity......Page 76
Assumptions and implications......Page 78
Barriers to community resilience......Page 79
Building community resilience to disasters......Page 80
Foster community development based on input and engagement......Page 81
Develop and practice disaster plans......Page 84
Conclusions......Page 85
References......Page 86
Background research: effects of disasters......Page 89
Background research: early post-trauma intervention......Page 91
Expert consensus recommendations......Page 93
Outreach and information dissemination......Page 94
Treatment......Page 95
An evidence-informed psychological first aid model......Page 96
Conclusions......Page 99
References......Page 100
Who should we treat with early intervention?......Page 105
Definition of ASD......Page 106
Criticisms of the acute stress disorder diagnosis......Page 107
Does acute stress disorder predict post-traumatic stress disorder?......Page 108
Does acute dissociation predict post-traumatic stress disorder?......Page 110
Assessing acute stress disorder......Page 112
Treating acute stress disorder......Page 113
References......Page 118
5 The role of pharmacotherapy in early interventions......Page 127
Neurocircuitry......Page 128
Adrenergic mechanisms......Page 129
Glucocorticoids......Page 130
Glutamate......Page 131
Gamma-aminobutyric acid......Page 132
The serotonin system......Page 133
Evidence from clinical trials......Page 134
Propranolol......Page 135
Hydrocortisone......Page 136
Atypical antipsychotic medications......Page 137
Treatment of acute stress responses:......Page 138
References......Page 139
Diversity within America - it is not a melting pot......Page 147
Monocultural ethnocentrism and generic versus cultural specifics......Page 148
Issues of culture, race and ethnicity......Page 149
Lack of appropriate recognition and assessment of race-based traumatic stress......Page 150
Non-white cultural, racial, and ethnic groups may have a higher than average likelihood of being exposed to traumatic events......Page 151
Higher rates of PTSD in veterans......Page 152
Hispanic immigrants and refugees......Page 153
Blacks......Page 154
Culture may be protective......Page 155
Medication......Page 157
Involvement of the target culture’s population to assist with research and services to answer how culture should influence early psychological intervention following mass trauma......Page 158
Blacks......Page 159
Latinos......Page 160
Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide......Page 161
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – IV TR’s – cultural formulation......Page 162
References......Page 163
Introduction......Page 169
Why do we need a new perspective?......Page 172
Defining resilience......Page 173
Historical perspective......Page 175
Resilience follows exposure......Page 176
Stressful events and life transitions......Page 177
Multiple risks, multiple outcomes, modulators, and moderators......Page 178
The boundary of resilience......Page 179
The individual as active agent......Page 180
Implications of the "ordinary magic" view......Page 181
Dimensional view of early responses to adversity......Page 183
Identifying the boundaries of resilience......Page 184
How to miss or weaken resilience......Page 185
Conclusion......Page 186
References......Page 188
Intervention......Page 193
Critical issues in early intervention......Page 194
Planning the future of early intervention......Page 195
References......Page 197
Index......Page 199