Internet of Things for Sustainable Community Development: Wireless Communications, Sensing, and Systems

✍ Scribed by Abdul Salam

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 403
• Edition: 2nd ed. 2024
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This updated book presents research on how Internet of Things plays a part in shaping the future of our communities. The author shows how the research and education ecosystem promoting impactful solutions-oriented science can help citizenry, government, industry, and other stakeholders to work collaboratively in order to make informed, socially-responsible, science-based decisions. The author also provides updated data on how communities can address complex, interconnected socio-environmental challenges. This book addresses the key inter-related challenges in areas such as the environment, climate change, mining, energy, agro-economic, water, and forestry that are limiting the development of a sustainable and resilient society -- each of these challenges are tied back to IoT based solutions.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
1 Internet of Things for Sustainable Community Development: Introduction and Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Global Efforts to Address Sustainability
1.1.2 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1.1.3 Sustainability Indicators
1.2 IoT as Enabling Paradigm for Sustainability
1.3 SDG Goals and Sustainable IoT Systems
1.4 Examples from Developing Countries
1.4.1 Examples from Advanced Countries
1.5 IoT Challenges for Sustainability
1.6 IoT Definitions
1.6.1 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
1.6.2 International Telecommunication Union
1.6.3 Internet Engineering Task Force
1.6.4 National Institute of Standards and Technology
1.7 Architecture of IoT Paradigm for Sustainability
1.7.1 IoT Elements
1.7.2 IoT Functions
1.8 Networking for Sustainability IoT Paradigm
1.8.1 Five-Tier Network
1.8.1.1 Terrestrial Network Tier
1.8.1.2 Space-Based Wireless Network Tier
1.8.1.3 Aerial Network Tier
1.8.1.4 Underwater Network Tier
1.8.1.5 Underground Network Tier
1.9 Wireless Communications for Sustainability IoT
1.9.1 Key Drivers for Next-Generation Wireless Systems in Sustainability IoT
1.9.2 Wireless Requirements for Sustainability IoT
1.9.3 Wireless Standard Applications to Sustainability IoT
1.9.3.1 RF Wireless Modem Chipset
1.9.4 Standardization for Sustainability IoT
1.9.4.1 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) IoT
1.9.4.2 802 Wi-Fi Standards
1.9.4.3 5G and 6G Wireless Communications
1.9.5 Artificial Intelligence and Wireless
1.9.6 Wireless Spectrum Paucity
1.9.7 Rural Broadband Telecommunications
1.9.8 Satellite Communications
1.10 Organization of the Book
References
2 Internet of Things for Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Climate Change IoT Things for Environmental Sustainability
2.3 Climate IoT as the Sustainability Enabler Framework
2.3.1 Holistic System
2.3.2 Novel Sensing Methods
2.3.3 Solar Radiation and Soil Moisture Data
2.3.4 Forecasting Models
2.3.5 Emission Monitoring
2.4 Climate Communication Technologies and Systems
2.4.1 Doppler Radar
2.4.2 Wind Profiling Radars
2.4.2.1 Types of Wind Profiling Radars
2.4.2.2 Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR)
2.4.2.3 Wind Profiling LiDARs
2.4.3 Microwave Radiometers
2.4.3.1 Longwave Measurements
2.4.3.2 Shortwave Measurements
2.4.4 Ceilometer
2.4.4.1 Optical-Drum Ceilometer
2.4.4.2 Laser Ceilometer
2.4.5 Microbarographs
2.4.6 Pyranometer
2.4.7 Millimeter Cloud Radar
2.4.8 Sonic Anemometers
2.4.9 Environmental and Meteorological Satellites for Remote Sensing
2.4.9.1 Geostationary Satellites
2.4.9.2 Polar-Orbiting Satellites
2.4.9.3 More Meteorological Satellites
2.4.10 GPS Signals for Remote Sensing
2.4.10.1 GPS Limb Sounding for Atmospheric Reflectivity
2.4.10.2 GPS for Precipitable Water
2.5 Climate IoT Monitoring Systems
2.5.1 Cloud Property Monitoring
2.5.2 Atmospheric Emission Monitoring
2.5.3 Monitoring of the Surface of the Earth
2.5.4 Sea State Monitoring
2.5.4.1 OceanSITES
2.5.4.2 Air-Sea Heat Fluxes
2.5.5 Arctic Measurements
2.5.6 Hurricane Monitoring
2.5.7 Solar Radiation Monitoring
2.6 Climate Database Integration to IoT and Cloud
2.7 IoT-Enabled Indices
2.7.1 Air Quality Index (AQI)
2.7.2 Drought Index (EDDI)
2.7.3 Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)
2.7.4 Coastal Drought Index Using Salinity Data
2.7.5 Wildfire Threat Index (SAWTI)
2.8 Environmental Sensing Systems
2.8.1 Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System
2.8.2 Radiosonde Temperature and Humidity Sensing
2.8.3 Cloud, Aerosol Polarization, and Backscatter LiDAR (CAPABL)
2.8.4 Operational Bright-Band Snow-Level Sensing
2.8.5 Atmosphere Tomography Using Acoustics
2.8.6 Automated Atmospheric River Detection
2.9 Case Studies
2.9.1 Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
2.9.2 Undersea Cables as Seismic Sensors
2.9.3 Connected Alarm Systems for Fast-Moving Fires
2.9.4 Urban Air Quality Sensing
2.9.5 Water Flow Sensors
References
3 Internet of Things in Agricultural Innovation and Security
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Decision Agriculture
3.1.2 Main Barriers to Digital Agriculture Technology Adoption
3.2 Internet of Things for Sustainable Agriculture
3.3 Wireless Underground Communications
3.4 Underground Antennas and Beamforming
3.5 Soil Sensing for Sustainable Ag-IoT
3.6 Aerial Sensing
3.7 Big Data
3.8 Soil Mapping
3.9 Digital Agricultural Education
3.9.1 Curriculum Development
3.9.2 Work Roles in Digital Agriculture
3.10 Energy Harvesting
3.10.1 In Situ Energy Harvesting Methods
3.10.2 Wireless Subsurface Power Transfer
3.10.3 Solar Power
3.10.4 Energy Harvesting Challenges
3.10.5 Combined Power and Data Transfer in Digital Agriculture
3.11 The Ag-IoT Systems
References
4 Internet of Things for Water Sustainability
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Water Sustainability IoT
4.3 IoT as an Enabler for Sustainable Water
4.3.1 Advantages of Sustainable Water IoT
4.3.2 Research Challenge Needs in Sustainable Water IoT
4.4 Water Sustainability IoT Monitoring and Applications
4.4.1 Applications
4.4.2 Source Water Monitoring
4.4.2.1 Surface Water
4.5 Sensing in Sustainable Water IoT
4.5.1 pH Sensing
4.5.1.1 Combination (Electrochemical) pH Sensor
4.5.1.2 Three-Electrode pH Sensor
4.5.1.3 Laboratory pH Sensor
4.5.1.4 Single-Chip pH Sensors
4.5.2 Conductivity Sensing
4.5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement Units
4.5.2.2 Conductivity Sensors
4.5.3 Dissolved Oxygen Sensing
4.5.3.1 Galvanic DO Sensor
4.5.3.2 Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensors
4.5.4 Eutrophication and Nutrient Sensing
4.5.4.1 Optical Nutrient Sensor
4.5.4.2 Wet Chemical Sensor
4.5.4.3 Ion-Selective Electrodes Sensor
4.5.5 Water Flow Sensors
4.5.6 Temperature Sensing
4.5.7 Satellite Sensing
4.6 Sustainable Water IoT Technologies and Systems
4.6.1 Water Pollution Control
4.6.2 Ocean Acidification and CO2 Mitigation
4.7 The Sustainable Water Case Studies
4.7.1 Open Water Web
4.7.2 Waspmote Smart Water
4.7.3 National Network of Reference Watersheds
4.7.4 Hydrometeorology Testbed
4.7.4.1 Winter Weather Experiment
4.7.4.2 Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall Experiment
4.7.5 WaterWatch
4.7.6 Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP)
4.7.7 CalWater
4.7.8 River and Reservoir Modeling Tool (RiverWare)
4.7.9 Digital Coast
4.7.10 European CoastColour
4.7.11 Water Harvesting Assessment Toolbox
4.7.12 National Groundwater Monitoring Network
4.7.13 Water Toolbox
4.8 Sustainable Water Indices
References
5 Internet of Things for Sustainable Forestry
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Sustainable Digital Forestry
5.1.2 Challenges in Sustainable Digital Forestry
5.2 IoT in Digital Forest Management
5.2.1 Elements of the Forest IoT
5.2.2 Forest Things
5.2.3 The Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators(MP C&I)
5.2.3.1 Montréal Process
5.2.3.2 Criteria and Indicators (MP C&I)
5.3 Sensing in Digital Forestry IoT
5.3.1 Remote Sensing
5.3.2 Per-Tree-Based Forest Analysis
5.3.3 Phenology Sensing
5.3.4 Forest Species Sensing
5.3.5 Species Migration Monitoring
5.3.6 Tree Health Sensing
5.3.7 Sensing of Increased Soil and Air Temperature and Elevated Carbon Dioxide
5.3.8 Illegal Logging Sensing
5.3.9 Fire Sensing
5.3.9.1 Impact of Fire on Soil
5.3.9.2 Fire and Environmental Pollution
5.3.9.3 Impact of Fire on Fresh Water and Streamflow
5.3.9.4 Fire Sensing and Danger Estimation Tools
5.3.9.5 Remote Sensing of Amazon Rain Forest Fires
5.3.10 Invasive Species and Fungi Sensing
5.3.11 Vegetation Height Sensing
5.3.12 Machine-Induced Stress Sensing
5.3.13 In Situ Soil Moisture Sensing Approaches
5.3.14 Radio Waves as Sensor: Propagation Based Sensing in Forests
5.3.15 From Permittivity to Soil Moisture
5.3.16 Transfer Functions
5.4 Modeling in Digital Forestry
5.4.1 Habitat Modeling
5.4.2 Multi-Scale Machine-Learning Predictive Modeling
5.4.3 Smoke Prediction Models
5.4.4 Modeling Invasive Insects
5.4.5 Forest Disturbance Modeling
5.4.6 Fire Behavior Modeling
5.4.7 Wildlife Habitat Suitability Modeling
5.4.8 LANDIS
5.5 Forest Database Integration with Forestry IoT
5.6 International Organizations for Forest Sustainability
References
6 Internet of Things in Sustainable Energy Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Energy and Sustainability
6.1.2 Energy-Related Challenges
6.2 The Sustainable Energy IoT
6.2.1 Sustainability Energy Things
6.3 Communication Technologies for Sustainable Energy IoT
6.3.1 Wi-SUN
6.3.2 Wide Area Monitoring Using SCADA
6.3.3 Neighborhood Area Networking
6.3.4 Power-Line Communications
6.3.5 Other Communication Technologies for Grid
6.3.6 The Advanced Metering Infrastructure
6.4 Sensing in Sustainable Energy IoT
6.4.1 Sensors on Nuclear Power Reactors
6.4.1.1 Vibration Sensing
6.4.1.2 Temperature Sensing
6.4.1.3 Pressure Sensors
6.4.1.4 Liquid-Level Measurement Sensors
6.4.1.5 Flow Sensors
6.4.1.6 Corrosion Sensing
6.4.1.7 Radiation Sensors
6.4.1.8 Water Coolant Chemistry
6.4.2 Sensors for Coal-Fired Power Plants
6.4.2.1 Oxygen Sensing
6.4.2.2 Carbon Monoxide Sensing
6.4.2.3 Flame Sensing
6.4.2.4 Coal and Airflow Sensing
6.4.2.5 Sensing of Carbon Content in Ash
6.4.2.6 Gases and Temperature Sensing
6.4.3 Transmission System Sensors
6.4.3.1 Substation Sensing Methods
6.4.3.2 Overhead Line Sensing
6.4.4 Smart Meters
6.4.5 Wind and Solar Sensing
6.5 The Case Studies of Sustainable Energy IoT Technologies
6.5.1 Electric Vehicle Energy Internet
6.5.2 Combined Cooling Heating and Power System
6.5.3 Power-to-Gas (P2G) Energy Internet
6.5.3.1 Water Electrolysis
6.5.3.2 Alkaline Electrolysis
6.5.3.3 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolysis
6.5.3.4 Methanation
6.5.3.5 Challenges
6.5.3.6 P2G Opportunities in Sustainable Energy IoT
6.5.4 Sustainability and Net-Zero Energy Buildings
6.5.5 Energy Supply Chain Management
6.6 Sustainability in Energy Generation
6.6.1 Hydrogen
6.6.2 Biobutanol
6.6.3 Bioethanol
6.6.4 Biodiesel
6.6.5 Microbial Electricity
6.6.6 Biomass
6.7 Sustainability IoT Systems and Databases
References
7 Internet of Things for Sustainable Human Health
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Sustainable Health IoT
7.1.2 Climate Change and Human Health
7.2 Benefits of Sustainable Health IoT
7.3 Sustainable Health IoT
7.4 Sustainable Health IoT Technology
7.4.1 Precision Medicine
7.4.2 Personalization of Diabetes Treatment
7.4.3 Automated Nutrition Control
7.4.4 Mobile Healthcare Connectivity
7.4.5 Cancer Treatment
7.4.6 Glucose Monitoring
7.4.7 Smart Inhalers
7.5 Sensing in Sustainable Health IoT
7.5.1 Physiological Sensing
7.5.2 Ingestible Sensors
7.5.3 Wearable Sensors
7.6 Environmental Sensing for Health and Wellness
7.6.1 Sanitation, Waterborne Diseases, and Human Health
7.6.2 Ultraviolet Radiation and Human Health
7.6.3 Extreme Weather and Human Health
7.7 Wireless, Human Body, and Molecular Communications in Sustainable Health IoT
7.7.1 Human Body Communications
7.7.2 Molecular Communications in Sustainable Health IoT
7.8 Sustainable Health IoT Systems
7.8.1 Health Indices
7.8.2 Environmental Public Health Tracking Network
7.8.3 Mobile Healthcare Innovations
7.8.4 Mobility Models and Health
7.8.5 Virtual Beach
References
8 Internet of Things for Sustainable Mining
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Sustainable Mining
8.1.2 IoT for Sustainable Mining
8.2 Sustainable Mining Things
8.3 Research Challenges in Sustainable Mining IoT
8.4 Sustainable Mining IoT Technologies and Monitoring Systems
8.4.1 Mine Monitoring for Health and Safety
8.4.2 Environmental Monitoring
8.4.3 Earth Crust Monitoring
8.4.4 Transportation Management
8.4.5 Gas Detection
8.4.6 Goaf Fill Monitoring
8.4.7 Mine Fire Monitoring
8.4.8 Conveyor Belt Monitoring
8.4.9 Water Monitoring
8.4.10 Miner Tracking
8.5 Paradigm-Shift Technologies for Sustainable Mining IoT
8.6 3D Underground Mine Modeling
8.7 Use of Time-Domain Reflectometry in Mining
8.7.1 Treatment Technologies for Mining-Influenced Water
8.8 Applications of Nanotechnology in Mining
8.9 Mining Site Uncluttering and Restoration
8.10 Sensing in Sustainable Mining IoT
8.10.1 Ore Bodies Sensing
8.10.1.1 Underground Gravity Sensing and Rock Mapping
8.10.1.2 Magnetic Sensing
8.10.1.3 Ground-Penetrating Radar Subsurface Sensing
8.10.1.4 Seismic Sensing
8.10.1.5 Tomographic Sensing
8.10.2 Mine Water Sensing
8.10.3 Remote Sensing
8.10.3.1 Hyperspectral Sensing
8.10.3.2 Thematic Sensing and Mapping
8.10.4 Multispectral Scanner
8.10.5 Mine Water Contamination Sensors
8.10.6 Sensor Technologies for Gas Leaks in Mines
8.10.6.1 Pellistor Sensor
8.10.6.2 Infrared Gas Sensor
8.10.6.3 Electrochemical Sensors
8.10.6.4 Semiconductor Sensor
8.10.6.5 Laser Sensor
8.10.6.6 Other Gas Sensors
8.10.7 Autonomous Sensing of Groundwater Qualityin Mines
8.11 Global Sustainability Efforts
8.12 Wireless Communications in Sustainable Mining IoT
References
9 Internet of Things in Water Management and Treatment
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Impacts of the Human Activities on Amount and Quality of Water
9.2 Water Management and Treatment Using IoT
9.2.1 Water Management and Treatment Using IoT
9.3 Groundwater Sensing and Treatment
9.3.1 Applications of Nanotechnology in Groundwater Treatment
9.3.2 The Nanomaterials for Contaminant Remediation
9.3.3 Hazardous Water Sensing and Treatment
9.4 Underground Communications in Urban Underground Infrastructure Monitoring
9.4.1 Wastewater and Stormwater Monitoring Needs
9.4.2 Internet of Underground Things for Wastewater and Stormwater Monitoring
9.4.3 Path Loss Model for Stratified Media to Air Communications
9.4.3.1 Attenuation in the Stratified Medium
9.4.3.2 Dispersion in Different Subsurface Layers
9.4.3.3 Dispersion of Subgrade of the Soil Medium
9.4.3.4 Dispersion of Asphalt
9.4.3.5 Dispersion of Base Gravel Aggregate
9.4.4 Model Evaluations
9.5 Sensing and Sampling
9.5.1 Contaminant Sensing
9.5.2 Sensing for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
9.5.3 Agricultural Hazard Sensing
References
10 Internet of Things for Sustainability: Perspectives in Privacy, Cybersecurity, and Future Trends
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 IoT Security Principles
10.1.2 Digital Forensics in Sustainability IoT
10.2 Openness Paradox and Data Dichotomy: Privacy and Sharing
10.2.1 Privacy in Sustainability IoT
10.2.1.1 Data Sifting
10.2.1.2 Proxy Data Analyzer
10.2.1.3 Multilayered Approach to Privacy
10.2.2 Universal Data Flow, Sharing, and Standardization
10.2.2.1 Significance of Data Sharing
10.2.2.2 Data Standardization
10.3 Opportunities and Challenges in IoT for Sustainability
10.3.1 Technical Challenges
10.3.2 Policy Challenges
10.4 Progress in IoT Security Standardization
10.5 Case Studies
10.5.1 Cybersecurity and Data Privacy in Digital Agriculture
10.5.1.1 Information Privacy in the Field
10.5.1.2 Data Usability in the Field
10.5.1.3 Farm Equipment and Data Availability in the Field
10.5.1.4 Cybersecurity Recommendations for Precision Agriculture
10.5.2 Smart Grid
10.5.3 Health and Cybersecurity
10.5.3.1 Critical Conditions of the Healthcare Cybersecurity
10.5.3.2 Healthcare Cybersecurity Objectives
10.5.4 Smart Meter
10.5.5 Water Systems
References
11 Medium Access in Internet of Things
11.1 Medium Access Control
11.2 Performance Analysis
11.2.1 Packet Error Rate
11.2.2 Received Signal Strength (RSS)
11.3 Simulation Evaluations
11.4 Cross-Layer Modulation Using Soil Properties
11.5 Future Trends
References
12 IoT in Hyperspectral Space: Terrestrial Integration Network
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Deployment Methodology
12.3 Channel Model Based on Received Signal Strength (RSS)
12.4 Received Signal Strength (RSS) Analysis
12.5 Channel Model Conclusion
References
13 IoT in Cyber-Physical Systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 CPS Soil Monitoring IoT
13.2.1 NASA CPS Systems
13.2.2 Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes
13.2.3 GPS Interferometric Reflectometry
13.2.4 Wireless Sensor Networks
13.3 CPS in Precision Irrigation IoT
13.3.1 Sensing Node
13.3.2 Actuator Node
13.3.3 Controller
13.4 Microcontrollers Used in Agricultural Applications
13.4.1 Miscellaneous CPS Testbeds
13.4.2 SoilNet
13.4.3 Rome Underground Structural Integrity
13.4.4 Thoreau
13.4.5 Magnetic Induction Testbed
13.5 Evaluations of CPS Control Component
13.5.1 Testbed Applications
13.5.2 Capture-Replay Testing
13.5.3 Programmable Testing
References
14 IoT in Adaptive Control Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Adaptive Control System
14.2.1 Database
14.2.2 Visualization Framework
14.2.3 Web Services
14.3 System Evaluations
14.3.1 Communication Time Windows
14.3.2 Analysis of Communication Range
14.3.3 Antenna Radiation Pattern Analysis
14.3.4 Path Loss and Multipath Effect Empirical Evaluation
14.4 Soil Moisture Sensor Calibration
14.4.1 Soil Moisture Readings
14.4.2 Localization Information Accuracy
14.4.2.1 GPS Field Test
14.4.2.2 Pivot Angle-Aided GPS Correction Algorithm
14.5 Cloud-Based Adaptive Control System Evaluation
14.5.1 Test Software Evaluation
14.5.2 Command Type Evaluation
14.5.3 Automation Controller Evaluations
14.6 Conclusions
References
Index