International clay conference 1963. Vol. I : Proceedings of the conference held at Stockholm, Sweden, August 12–16. Edited by I. Th. Rosenqvist and P. Graff-Petersen, Pergamon Press, London, 1963. ix + 376 pp., £5
✍ Scribed by L.R. Barrett
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1964
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 140 KB
- Volume
- 19
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0009-2509
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
VERY LITTLE is learned in school about clay and not much more at university level, except in courses of geology. For some 30 years increasingly more powerful means-X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, infra-red absorption and several chemical procedures such as cation-exchange, differential thermal and differential thermogravimetric analysis-have been applied, so that now a wealth of information is available but poorly dispersed. R. E. GRIM'S "Applied Clay Mineralogy" (1962), or his more specialized "Clay Mineralogy" (1953) form good source books for the unspecialized enquirer.
The present volume consists of preprints of thirty-five papers from twelve countries, presented in August 1963 to the first International Clay Conference held in Stockholm at the invitation of the Swedish Society for Clay Research. Since 1950 the Comite International Pour 1'Etude des Argiles (C.I.P.E.A.) under the chairmanship of R. E. Grim, has arranged a number of international meetings. According to Rosenqvist, President of C.I.P.E.A.. the International Clav Conference marks a further development.
The preprints are arranged in six sections: structural considerations (lo), genesis (8), ion exchange (7), clayelectrolyte-water systems (3), clay-organic complexes (5) and industrial applications (2). There is no index, nor any connecting matter. It is hoped to publish a discussion volume soon.
Mere description of the structures of clay minerals has given way to reasoning from the short range forces between the component atoms which bring them about (RADOSLO-VICH, WHITE). BRINDLEY (and also TAYLOR, not represented here) applies similar thoughts guided by the concept of topotaxy, to elucidate the mechanism of mineralogical changes occurring in solid state reactions involving clay and silicate structures. Of more chemical interest is work stemming from the well-known possibility of exchanging cations in clays by leaching. GASTUCHE has studied the kinetics of dissolution of mica platelets in hydrochloric acid and Barbara NEUMANN that of powdered montmorillonite (fuller's earth). In WALKER'S work an exchange of Mg by Sr in vermiculite (mica) with increase in interlayer distance can be neatly followed optically and proves, as expected, that the process in this case is diffusion controlled, very much as in the work of GASTUCHE.
Amongst work of more particular interest to chemical engineers is that of VAN OLPHEN on a model system simulating adsorption in petroleum rocks and the adsorption of alkylbenzene sulphonate by soil (WAYMAN). British clays for the manufacturing industries are analysed by HOLDRIDGE. L. R. BARRETT Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion. Published for The Combustion Institute by Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London, 1962. xxviii + 1164 pp.