Interleukin-31 induces cytokine and chemokine production from human bronchial epithelial cells through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways: implications for the allergic response

Acidic pH stimulates the production of t

Acidic pH stimulates the production of the angiogenic CXC chemokine, CXCL8 (interleukin-8), in human adult mesenchymal stem cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-κB pathways

✍ David S. Bischoff; Jian-Hua Zhu; Nalini S. Makhijani; Dean T. Yamaguchi 📂 Article 📅 2008 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 292 KB 👁 2 views

## Abstract Blood vessel injury results in limited oxygen tension and diffusion leading to hypoxia, increased anaerobic metabolism, and elevated production of acidic metabolites that cannot be easily removed due to the reduced blood flow. Therefore, an acidic extracellular pH occurs in the local mi