Content: Preface
General introduction
1 Cosmetics and personal care
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Surfactants used in cosmetic formulations
1.3 Interaction forces and their combination
1.4 Cosmetic emulsions
1.5 Self-assembly structures in cosmetic formulations
1.5.1 Structure of liquid crystalline phases
1.5.2 Hexagonal phase
1.5.3 Micellar cubic phase
1.5.4 Lamellar phase
1.5.5 Discontinuous cubic phases
1.5.6 Reversed structures
1.6 Driving force for liquid crystalline phases formation
1.7 Polymeric surfactants in cosmetic formulations
1.8 Nanoemulsions in cosmetics 1.9 Multiple emulsions in cosmetics1.10 Liposomes and vesicles in cosmetics
1.11 Shampoos and gels
1.12 Hair conditioners
1.12.1 Surface properties of hair
1.13 Sunscreen dispersions for UV protection
1.14 Color cosmetics
1.15 Industrial examples of cosmetics and personal care formulations
1.15.1 Shaving formulations
1.15.2 Bar soaps
1.15.3 Liquid hand soaps
1.15.4 Bath oils
1.15.5 Foam (or bubble) baths
1.15.6 After bath preparations
1.15.7 Skin care products
1.15.8 Hair care formulations
1.15.9 Sunscreens
1.15.10 Make-up products 2 Interfacial aspects of pharmaceutical systems2.1 Introduction
2.2 Disperse systems
2.2.1 Thermodynamic considerations
2.2.2 Kinetic stability of disperse systems and the general stabilization mechanisms
2.2.3 Steric stabilization
2.3 Nanodispersions
2.3.1 Nanoemulsions
2.3.2 Nanosuspensions
2.4 Surface activity and colloidal properties of drugs
2.5 Naturally occurring micelle forming systems
2.6 Biological implications of the presence of surfactants in pharmaceutical formulations
2.7 Solubilized systems
2.7.1 Experimental methods of studying solubilization 2.7.2 Mobility of solubilizate molecules2.7.3 Factors affecting solubilization
2.8 Liposomes and vesicles in pharmacy
2.8.1 Stabilization of liposomes by incorporation of block copolymers
2.9 Liquid Crystalline Phases and Microemulsions
2.10 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
2.11 Polymer gels, microgels, and capsules
2.12 Solid polymer nanoparticles
2.13 Nanoparticles, drug delivery and drug targeting
2.13.1 The reticuloendothelial system (RES)
2.13.2 Influence of particle characteristics
2.13.3 Surface modified polystyrene particles as model carriers 2.13.4 Biodegradable polymeric carriers3 Interfacial aspects of agrochemical formulations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Surfactants used in agrochemical formulations
3.2.1 Anionic surfactants
3.2.2 Cationic surfactants
3.2.3 Amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants
3.2.4 Nonionic surfactants
3.2.5 Alcohol ethoxylates
3.2.6 Alkyl phenol ethoxylates
3.2.7 Fatty acid ethoxylates
3.2.8 Sorbitan esters and their ethoxylated derivatives (Spans and Tweens)
3.2.9 Ethoxylated fats and oils
3.2.10 Amine ethoxylates
3.2.11 Surfactants derived from mono- and polysaccharides 3.2.12 Specialty surfactants --
Fluorocarbon and silicone surfactants