A-Z maps 226-7 accessibility research areas 6 single user environments 230-1 usability engineering 114 Web-mapping 260 accuracy 252 action theory 130 aerial views 24 aesthetics 261-2 affinity diagramming 215 Alexandria Digital Library Project 215 analysis of variance (ANOVA) 217 analytic web maps 248 animated web maps 247, 248 ANOVA see analysis of variance anthropology 5 API see application programming interfaces Apple Mac computers 188 application development 113-14 application planning 127-43 case studies 132-3, 137-8, 139-41 evaluation 131 formalized analysis of user interfaces 134 further reading 142 geographic information systems 127-36, 141-2 graphical user interfaces 128, 130-1, 134 ontologies for the semantic Web 141-2 process models 138-41 task analysis 128-34, 136-8 user experience 134-5 viscosity 130 Web-mapping 127, 135, 136 workflow management 136-41 application programming interfaces (API) 136, 248 ArcGIS 237, 239 ArcGlobe 49 ArcInfo 185 ArcMap graphical user interfaces 179, 185, 193 single user environments 233 usability engineering 118-22 Argumap 79 asynchronous interactions 69, 74-6, 79, 82 audio-based computer-mediated communication 72-3 AutoCAD 179, 234, 235 azimuthal projections 50, 51 back buttons 261 bandwidth 253-4 Bertin's selective and associative principles 155 Bing Maps 116 brainstorming 104 British Museum Test 116 browsers 188, 254-6 CAD see computer aided design card sorting 215-16 cartograms 160, 162, 168-70 cartography 37-65, 145-78 advanced representations 168-70 case studies 52-3, 57-61, 63-4, 158, 163-5, 168-70, 172-4 chorems and cartograms 168-70 classification 48, 54, 58-9 colour 146-59 concept before compilation principle 42 connotative meanings of colour 159 cultural differences 159 data classification 159-70 data layers 65 definitions 10, 37-9 design and colour decisions 152-3 design principles 42-9 detail and scale 55, 58-9 digital mapping 38-9 distortions 50-4 emotion/understanding principle 48-9 exaggeration 48 figure-ground and visual contrast 153-5 further reading 65, 178 generalization 48, 54, 58-65 geographic information systems 152-3, 158 hierarchy with harmony principle 42-4 historical timeline 39-40 hue-saturation-value 151-2 importance and relevance 39-40 information/cost principle 47-8 latitude/longitude 40, 50-2 layout 174-7 map elements 54, 55-6, 171-6 mapping conventions 171-7 multiscale 58-9 object styles 160 palettes and colour schemes 156-8 perception of colour 148-9, 151-2 principles 37-49 projection systems 49-54 reference mapping 39-40, 41, 159 scale 54-9 screen/print colour systems 149-51 simplicity from sacrifice principle 43, 45-7