Intensive short term therapy with granulocyte-macrophage–colony stimulating factor support, similar to therapy for acute myeloblastic leukemia, does not improve overall results for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
✍ Scribed by Norbert Ifrah; Francis Witz; Jean-Pierre Jouet; Sylvie François; Thierry Lamy; Claude Linassier; Bernard Pignon; Christian Berthou; Denis Guyotat; Jean-Yves Cahn; Jean-Luc Harousseau;; the GOELAMS Group
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1999
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 132 KB
- Volume
- 86
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0008-543X
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✦ Synopsis
BACKGROUND.
Despite modern treatment programs, less than 20% of adult cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured. For relapsing and/or refractory patients, use of high dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and anthracyclin achieved a complete remission (CR) rate of up to a 75%. The aim of this study was to evaluate in adult patients with ALL 1) the CR rate of a chemotherapy schedule similar to a schedule for acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients, 2) the antileukemic value and the tolerance of 3 intensive stage treatments, and 3) the impact of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) on chemotherapyinduced neutropenia and infectious complications, as well as the effect of dose intensity.
METHODS.
Between November 1990 and April 1992, 67 patients ages 15-55 years with de novo ALL were randomly assigned to receive either rGM-CSF or placebo.
The induction treatment consisted of idarubicin, methylprednisolone, and high dose ara-C. After achieving CR, patients up to age 45 years who had an HLAidentical sibling were assigned to undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). All remaining patients received a first course of early intensification with high dose ara-C, mitoxantrone, etoposide, and methylprednisolone, followed by autologous, unpurged BMT.
RESULTS.
Of the 64 eligible patients, 50 (78%) achieved CR. Sixteen allogeneic and 18 autologous BMTs were performed. The median survival was 10.2 months. The 4-year survival was 24%. rGM-CSF only improved the incidence of severe mucositis during the induction course (P ϭ 0.003) and probably also improved the median duration of fever (P ϭ 0.07).
CONCLUSIONS.
This schedule, similar to that for the treatment of AML patients, with early BMT included, did not prove to be a satisfactory approach to the treatment of most adult ALL patients, although CR was achieved in 78% of cases.
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