Content: ContentsPreface, xiAcknowledgments, xvAbout the Authors, xviiChapter 1 Introduction 11.1 INFORMATION HIDING AND COPYRIGHTPROTECTION 11.1.1 Overview 11.1.2 Hiding Techniques 21.1.2.1 The Ancient Age 31.1.2.2 The Modern Age 61.2 DIGITAL WATERMARKING AS A COPYRIGHTPROTECTION TOOL 111.2.1 Overview 111.2.2 Basic Operations 131.2.3 Classification 161.2.4 Properties for a Good DigitalWatermarking Scheme 191.2.5 Application 211.2.6 Attacks 24Chapter 2 Perspectives on Digital ImageWatermarking 272.1 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL IMAGE 272.2 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF DIGITAL IMAGEWATERMARKING 322.2.1 Spatial Domain Practices 322.2.2 Frequency Domain Practices 352.3 SOME EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FORDIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING 44Chapter 3 Intelligent Systems Used in CopyrightProtection 593.1 VISUAL SALIENCY AND ITS PURPOSE INDIGITAL WATERMARKING 613.1.1 Saliency and Salient Object 613.1.2 The Purpose of Saliency in DigitalWatermarking 613.1.3 Saliency Detection and a Saliency Map 623.1.4 Various Saliency Map Algorithms forImages 643.2 INTELLIGENT IMAGE CLUSTERING: THEK-MEANS ALGORITHM 673.2.1 Data Clustering 673.2.2 Need for Data Clustering in Digital ImageWatermarking 703.2.3 K-means Algorithm for Data Clustering 71Chapter 4 Copyright Protection Framework 754.1 WATERMARK EMBEDDING SYSTEM 75Step 1: Evaluating the Saliency Map from theCover Image 77Step 2: Constructing the Hiding Capacity Mapfrom the Saliency Map 80Step 3: Constituting the Watermarked Imagethrough Adaptive LSB Replacement 834.2 WATERMARK EXTRACTING SYSTEM 86Chapter 5 Hardware Implementation 915.1 OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE REALIZATIONFOR DIGITAL WATERMARKING 925.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR THEPROPOSED IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME 965.2.1 Watermark Embedding System 965.2.2 Watermark Extracting System 100Chapter 6 System Evaluation 1056.1 EMBEDDING SYSTEM OUTCOMES 1056.2 ESTIMATION OF DATA HIDING CAPACITY 1086.3 ANALYSIS OF IMPERCEPTIBILITY OR DATATRANSPARENCY 1096.3.1 Description of Image Quality Metrics,Involved in Imperceptibility Analysis 1096.3.2 Evaluation of Imperceptibility for theProposed Watermarking Scheme 1156.4 OUTPUTS OF THE WATERMARKEXTRACTING SYSTEM AND ITS EFFICACY INTERMS OF ROBUSTNESS 1226.5 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THEPROFICIENCY OF THE PROPOSEDWATERMARKING SYSTEM 1256.6 AN EVALUATION OF HARDWARE SYSTEMSFOR THE PROPOSED WATERMARKING LOGIC 126Chapter 7 Conclusion 131REFERENCES 135INDEX 151