Abstract
We have identified the integrin subunits responsible for the initial adhesion of human osteoblast‐like cells to peptide‐modified surfaces. Biomimetic peptide surfaces containing homogenous RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp), homogenous FHRRIKA (Phe‐His‐Arg‐Arg‐Ile‐Lys‐Ala), and a mixed ratio of FHRRIKA:RGD (25:75) were used to assess integrin‐mediated adhesion. The RGD and FHRRIKA peptides were selected from the cellbinding and putative heparin‐binding domains of bone sialoprotein. A panel of monoclonal antibodies against human α~1~, α~2~, α~3~, α~4~, α~5~, β~1~, α~v~, and αβ~3~ was used to identify the subunits most dominant in mediating short‐term (10 or 30 minutes) and long‐term (4 hours) cell adhesion to the peptide surfaces. Anti‐α~2~, anti‐β~1~, and anti‐α~v~ significantly (p < 0.05) diminished cell attachment to homogenous RGD surfaces following 30 minutes of incubation. After 4 hours of incubation on RGD‐grafted surfaces, immunostaining of these integrin subunits revealed discrete localization of the α~v~ subunit at the periphery of the cell (similar to focal contact points), whereas the α~2~ and β~1~ subunits stained very diffusely throughout the cell. A radial‐flow apparatus was used to determine the effect of anti‐integrin antibodies on strength of cell detachment following 10 minutes of incubation on peptide‐grafted surfaces. The strength of detachment from surfaces containing RGD was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the presence of anti‐α~2~, anti‐α~v~, or anti‐β~1~ compared with controls (presence of preimmune mouse IgG). None of the antibodies significantly influenced cell attachment to homogenous FHRRIKA‐grafted surfaces. These results demonstrate that initial (30 minutes) attachment of human osteoblast‐like cells to homogenous RGD surfaces was mediated by the collagen receptor α~2~β~1~ and the vitronectin receptor α~v~β~3~, whereas only the vitronectin receptor governed longer term (longer than 30 minutes) adhesion (localization to focal contacts). The importance of distinct integrins in mediating the attachment of bone cells to RGD‐immobilized surfaces indicates a strategy for engineering orthopaedic implants with a built‐in surface specificity for cell adhesion.