Content: Cover
Half title
Copyrights
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1. Introduction: Historical Background, Pathogens, Symptoms, and Economic Importance
1.1 Historical Background
1.2 Symptoms
1.3 Pathogens
1.4 Economic Importance
2. Modes of Spread of Plant Pathogens
2.1 Vertical Transmission
2.1.1 Vegetative propagation
2.1.2 Mechanical means
2.1.3 Biological seed
2.1.4 Biological pollen
2.1.5 Parasitic plants
2.1.6 Grafting
2.2 Horizontal Transmission
2.2.1 Living agents
2.2.1.1 Insects
2.2.1.2 Mites
2.2.1.3 Nematodes
2.2.1.4 Fungi. 2.2.1.5 Protozoa (Trypanosomes)2.2.1.6 Earthworms
2.2.1.7 Slugs
2.2.1.8 Animals/Man
2.2.1.9 Birds
2.2.2 Nonliving agents
2.2.2.1 Soil
2.2.2.2 Water
2.2.2.3 Air
3. Feeding Mechanism of Vectors and Plant Pathogens
3.1 Familiarization with Insect Vectors
3.2 Identification and Biology
3.2.1 Hemipterous vectors
3.2.1.1 Aphids
3.2.1.2 Leafhoppers
3.2.1.3 Planthoppers
3.2.1.4 Whiteflies
3.2.1.5 Psyllids
3.2.1.6 Mealybugs
3.2.1.7 Scale insects
3.2.1.8 Froghoppers/Spittlebugs
3.2.1.9 Treehoppers
3.2.1.10 Heteropterous bugs (true bugs)
3.3 Thysanoptera
3.3.1 Thrips
3.4 Diptera. 3.4.1 Dipterous flies3.5 Coleoptera
3.5.1 Beetles
3.6 Hymenoptera
3.6.1 Ants, bees, and wasps
3.7 Orthoptera
3.7.1 Grasshoppers
3.8 Lepidoptera
3.8.1 Butterflies and moths
3.9 Dermaptera
3.9.1 Earwigs
3.10 Dictyoptera
3.10.1 Cockroaches
3.11 Feeding Mechanism of Hemipterans
3.11.1 Sternorrhyncha
3.11.2 Auchenorrhyncha
3.12 Feeding Mechanism of Chewing Insects
3.12.1 Grasshoppers
3.12.2 Beetles
3.12.3 Moths/butterflies/earwigs/cockroaches/ants/bees
3.13 Mechanism of Transmission of Plant Pathogens
3.13.1 Categories of virus transmission
3.13.2 Specificity criterion. 3.13.3 Virus multiplication in vector3.13.3.1 Serial passage technique
3.13.3.2 Transovarial transmission
3.13.3.3 Long latent period
3.13.3.4 Inclusion bodies of virus particles in different parts of body
3.13.3.5 Detection of virus in vector through ELISA
3.13.3.6 Factors affecting multiplication of virus
3.13.4 Bacterial symbionts
3.14 Mites
3.15 Nematodes
3.16 Fungi/Plasmodiophorids Protozoa
3.17 Mechanism of the Spread of Pathogens Other than Viruses (Fungi, Bacteria, Phytoplasma, Rickettsiae like Organisms, Nematodes, and Protozoa) through insects
4. Aphids. 4.1 Identification4.2 Life Cycle of Aphids
4.3 Feeding Mechanism
4.4 Virus Transmission Cycle
4.5 Mechanism of Virus Transmission
4.6 Helper Component/Coat Protein
4.7 Non-persistent Stylet-borne Viruses
4.7.1 Helper component/coat protein
4.8 Non-persistent Foregut-borne Plant Viruses
4.8.1 Helper component/coat protein
4.9 Persistent Circulative Viruses
4.9.1 Coat protein (CP)
4.10 Circulative Propagative Viruses
4.11 Diseases Caused by Aphid-borne Genera of Plant Viruses
4.11.1 Non-persistent/stylet-borne viruses
4.11.1.1 Cucumovirus (Cucumber mosaic virus-CMV).