A given hydrocarbon gas-water-model oil system, used as a reference system for testing of new hydrate inhibitors, has been evaluated for experimental reproducibility of hydrate formation and behavior at flow conditions. The system was remixed five times in a 2" ID high-pressure flow loop and tested
Inhibition efficiencies of scale formation by chemical additives
β Scribed by O.D. Linnikov; V.L. Podbereznyi; M.A. Belyshev; V.M. Balakin; V.S. Talankin
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1989
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 392 KB
- Volume
- 74
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0011-9164
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
Comparative tests of a number of chemical additives-scale formation inhibitors, of phosphonate (IIAGI3A 1, polyelectrolyte ~J_:.:Yij:CXX!~) type and others, being applied in the USSR and abroad, were carried out. The investigations were conducted on a laboratory installation. The processes of scale formation in the form of magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and sulphate were simulated in them. In order to eliminate mutual superposition of scale formation processes of different types that is inevitable at sea water use, simulated solutions were applied, It permitted to evaluate the effect of chemical additives on the formation process of each scale type. From the chemical additives tested there were determined the most efficient inhibitors of scale formation of magnesium hydroxide, calcium silphate and carbonate. It was shown that most of the chemical additives didn't inhibit magnesium hydroxide scale formation.
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
Experimental studies of antiscaling compounds with various functional groups were accomplished. Their influence on alkaline scale crystallization and analysis of the results obtained within the scope of the Gibbs-Folmer model are given, taking into account the chemical equilibrium in the solution.
Impregnation of graphite with organic phosphate and phosphite esters has been found to result in increased resistance to air oxidation at elevated temperatures. Thermal decomposition of the phosphorus compounds at 200-600Β°C leaves a hydrophilic residue strongly adsorbed on the graphite surface at ac