Proceedings its social discourse. His model is a ''hermeneutic tool for analysing the relation between a text and a reality' ' (p. 99). of the Second International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science. The Royal School of Librarian-
The anthropological consequences of cyberspace-the implications for human beings-are described by de Beer. Al-ship, Copenhagen, October 13-16, 1996. Peter Ingwersen and Niels Ole Pors, eds. Copenhagen: The Royal School of Librari-though not a geographical place, cyberspace is an information or knowledge space, a discursive space, a life space, and also anship; 1996: 484 pp. Price: 240,-D. K. R. a special space for invention. As an inventive space, cyberspace may lead to a new world of democratization in both the material and the spiritual sense (p. 132). Robins contributes ''An Inten-This collection of 32 articles from 13 countries and 23 Litionalist/Rationalist Approach to the Concept of Representation brary and Information Science (LIS) programs is a continuation for Information Retrieval'' in which he seeks an adequate model of the discussions at the First CoLIS Conference, held in Tampof the user. By examining various types of representationere, Finland in 1991 (Conceptions of Library and Information cognitive representation, document representation, queries, and Science: Historical, Empirical, and Theoretical Perspectives. machine representations-he seeks to shed light on the chal-Pertti Vakkari and Blaise Cronin, eds. Los Angeles: Taylor lenge of building a satisfactory user interface. Graham; 1992: 314 pp. ISBN 0-947568-52-2). In summarizing Under Methodological Approaches are four articles. The first the Tampere conference, Ingwersen notes that CoLIS 1 was the by Iivonen uses a consistency study to show how quantitative first major international conference since 1977 to deal with the and qualitative methods complement each other using methoddomains and research interests in information science (Theory ological triangulation with an analysis of searchers' speech, and Application of Information Research. Proceeding of the 2nd calculating consistency data points, and the statistical testing of International Research Forum for Information Science, IRFIS differences (p. 159). Second is a study by Toms and Tague-2, 1977. O. Harbo and L. Kajberg, eds. London: Mansell, 1980:
Sutcliffe on informativeness as a measure of browsing effective-235 pp. ISBN 0-720115-13-2). While CoLIS 1 sets the stage ness with 30 participants searching two electronic encyclopewith 20 presentations centering around defining information dias. They define informativeness as the ''measure of the science, CoLIS 2 includes articles that expand upon theories and amount of information a person obtains from the perusal of a methodologies, and also presents the results of several empirical 'record' '' (p. 161). For browsing, the traditional recall and studies.
precision measures are not applicable. Thus, a more general From the 56 submitted and evaluated, 30 peer reviewed pameasure is needed. The third study by Kortelainen tests the pers and two invited keynote addresses appear here. Divided concept of diffusion research in bibliometrics by examining conveniently into seven topical sections, most contributions recompatibility and audience using the journal, Annales Zoologici late in some way to information retrieval. The two keynote
Fennici. The final article by Bonitz, Bruckner, and Scharnhorst presentations (Van Rijsbergen and Saracevic) are included with focuses on the Matthew effect (Matthew 25:29-''For unto similar topics. First, under Basic Conceptualisations, is Van everyone that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: Rijsbergen's ''Information, Logic, and Uncertainty in Informa-But from him that has not shall be taken away even that which tion Science'' on the interactive nature of information retrieval.
he hath'') in citation patterns of various countries and determine He identifies seven types of uncertainty: Ignorance, incomthat certain countries are indeed advantaged and some disadvanpleteness, undecidability, complexity, randomness, vagueness, taged by the Matthew effect. and imprecision. Three others are grouped in this section. Using
The section on Information Interaction includes Tefko Saraan interpretive approach, Cornelius discusses legal decision cevic's keynote address ''Relevance Reconsidered '96.'' In surmaking. Brier, writing on cybersemiotics, employs both the veying current thought on relevance, he proposes a model of cognitive viewpoint and the domain analytic paradigm as he information retrieval (IR) interaction. He deals specifically with looks at discourse communities and language games that shape manifestations of relevance which he divides into system or information searching. He suggests the need to ''map the sealgorithmic relevance, topical or subject relevance, cognitive mantic fields of concepts and their signifying context's into relevance or pertinence, situational relevance or utility, and moour systems beyond the logical and statistical approaches the tivational or affective relevance (p. 216). Also in this section, technology up till now has made us focus on as the only realistic Ingwersen and Borlund discuss information transfer viewed as strategies' ' (p. 40). Bryce Allen in ''From Research to Design: interactive cognitive processes. Suggesting a global cognitive A User-Centered Approach,'' argues for usability testing as a view, they describe the complementarity of algorithmic and way to unite research with ''the design and implementation of user-centered approaches. The articles by Mizzaro and by information systems and services'' (p. 45).
Campbell and van Rijsbergen both deal with analysis of infor-In the section on Philosophical Dimensions, there are six mation needs. Feedback during information retrieval is the subessays. Dick in ''Librarianship and Information Science in ject of Spink's research, while query expansion (QE) is the South Africa-Reflections on the Parting of the Ways'' uses the concern of Kristensen. growing divide between librarianship and information science to Four empirical research projects are featured in the section assess the general development of information science as a on Information Studies. Bergeron considers eight large private postmodern science. Posing Library and Information Science organizations in Canada using a multiple case-study approach (LIS) as a subject of interest in itself, Buckland writes on and content analysis, and finds that they had felt little impact the liberal arts aspects of LIS in the research university for of insights from Information Resource Management (IRM). undergraduate, professional, and graduate students. He notes a Huotari and Wilson look at the internal information flow of two ''substantial latent demand for a liberal arts (read ''interest-Finnish companies to determine how information management ing'') introduction to topics in LIS'' (p. 79) and cautions (IM) is linked to critical success factors (CSF). Task complexagainst diluting LIS by an interdisciplinary approach that would ity in a journalistic setting is the subject of Bystro Β¨m's analysis sacrifice a strong disciplinary identity.
of external and internal information sources. Finally, Davis' Karamu Β¨ftu Β¨oglu in ''Semiotics of Documentary Information focus is interdisciplinarity, illustrated in the journal choices and Retrieval Systems'' reflects upon the ''consumption and proreading patterns in the field of family studies. duction of knowledge'' (p. 85) and its social practice, particu-Another four articles are grouped under Information Seeklarly on IRS as design practice. Using the discursive context ing & Access. Uncertainty is the theme presented by Kuhlthau between 1917-1921 when the Swedish classification system and Ledet. Edwards and Hall use the theory of reasoned action was created, Hansson's ''In My Mind's Eye'' proposes a mimetic relationship between a library classification system and in order to understand people's intentions to visit the public 96