Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
A Visual Walkthrough
Chapter 1 Informatics, Disciplinary Science, and the Foundation of Knowledge
Introduction
The DIKW Paradigm
The Foundation of Knowledge Model
Core Informatics Competencies
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 2 Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems
Introduction
Information
Information Science
Information Processing
Information Science and the Foundation of Knowledge
Introduction to Information Systems
Information Systems
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 3 Computer Science and the Foundation of Knowledge Model
Introduction
The Computer as a Tool for Managing Information and Generating Knowledge
Computer Components
Hardware
Acquisition of Data and Information: Input Components
Processing of Data and Information: Throughput or Processing Components
Dissemination: Output Components
What Is the Relationship of Computer Science to Knowledge?
How Does the Computer Support Collaboration and Information Exchange?
What is the Human–Technology Interface?
Looking to the Future
Quantum Computing
Voice-Activated Communicators
Game and Simulation Technology
Virtual Reality
Mobile Devices
Summary
Working Wisdom
Application Scenario
Thought-Provoking Questions
References
Chapter 4 Introduction to Cognitive Science and Cognitive Informatics
Introduction
Cognitive Science
Sources of Knowledge
Nature of Knowledge
How Knowledge and Wisdom are used in Decision Making
Cognitive Informatics
Cognitive Informatics and Healthcare Practice
What Is Artificial Intelligence?
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 5 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Health Informatics
Introduction
Ethics
Bioethics
Ethical Dilemmas and Morals
Ethical Decision Making
Theoretical Approaches to Healthcare Ethics
Applying Ethics to Informatics
Case Analysis Demonstration
Examine the Ethical Dilemma
Thoroughly Comprehend the Possible Alternatives Available
Hypothesize Ethical Arguments
Investigate, Compare, and Evaluate the Arguments for Each Alternative
Choose the Alternative You Would Recommend
Act on Your Chosen Alternative
Look at the Ethical Dilemma and Examine the Outcomes While Reflecting on the Ethical Decision
New Frontiers in Ethical Issues
Legal Aspects of Health Informatics
Overview of the HITECH Act
Definitions
Purposes
How the HITECH Act Changed HIPAA
HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules
The HITECH Act–Enhanced HIPAA Protections
Implications for Practice
Being Involved and Staying Informed
Protecting Yourself
Ethical and Legal Issues and Social Media
Recent Regulations
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 6 Systems Development Life Cycle
Introduction
Waterfall Model
Feasibility
Analysis
Design
Implement
Test
Maintain
Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Application Development
Object-Oriented Systems Development
Dynamic System Development Method
Computer-Aided Software Engineering Tools
Open-Source Software and Free- or Open-Source Software
Interoperability
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 7 Administrative Information Systems
Introduction
Principles of Interoperability
Types of Healthcare Organization Information Systems
Case Management Information Systems
Communication Systems
Core Business Systems
Order Entry Systems
Patient Care Support Systems
Aggregating Patient and Organizational Data
Department Collaboration and Exchange of Knowledge and Information
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 8 The Human–Technology Interface
Introduction
The Human–Technology Interface
The Human–Technology Interface Problem
Improving the Human–Technology Interface
Axiom 1: Users Must Be an Early and Continuous Focus During Interface Design
Axiom 2: The Design Process Should Be Iterative, Allowing for Evaluation and Correction of Identified Problems
Axiom 3: Formal Evaluation Should Take Place Using Rigorous Experimental or Qualitative Methods
A Framework for Evaluation
Future of the Human–Technology Interface
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 9 Electronic Security
Introduction
Securing Network Information
Authentication of Users
Threats to Security
Security Tools
Off-Site Use of Portable Devices
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 10 Workflow and Beyond Meaningful Use
Introduction
Workflow Analysis Purpose
Workflow and Technology
Optimization
Workflow Analysis and Informatics Practice
Building the Design Team
Value Added Versus Non–Value Added
Waste
Variation
Transitioning to the Future State
Informatics as a Change Agent
Measuring the Results
Future Directions
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 11 The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics
Introduction
Setting the Stage
Components of Electronic Health Records
Overview
Health Information and Data
Results Management
Order Entry Management
Decision Support
Electronic Communication and Connectivity
Patient Support
Administrative Processes
Reporting and Population Health Management
Advantages of Electronic Health Records
Ownership of Electronic Health Records
Flexibility and Expandability of Electronic Health Records
Accountable Care Organizations and the EHR
The Future
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 12 Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety, Quality Outcomes, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Introduction
What Is a Culture of Safety?
Strategies for Developing a Safety Culture
Informatics Technologies for Patient Safety
Technologies to Support the Medication Administration Cycle
Additional Technologies for Patient Safety
Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Role of the Health Informaticist
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 13 Patient Engagement and Connected Health
Introduction
Consumer Demand for Health Information
Health Literacy and Health Initiatives
Healthcare Organization Approaches to Engagement
Promoting Health Literacy in School-Age Children
Supporting Use of the Internet for Health Education
Future Directions for Engaging Patients
Telehealth: A Tool for Connected Health
Telehealth Care
Telehealth Transmission Formats and Their Clinical Applications
Store-and-Forward Telehealth
mHealth
Tools of Home Telehealth
Central Stations, Web Servers, and Portals
Peripheral Biometric (Medical) Devices
Telephones
Video Cameras and Videophones
Personal Emergency Response Systems
Sensor and Activity-Monitoring Systems
Medication Management Devices
Special Needs Telecommunications-Ready Devices
The Patient’s Role in Telehealth
Health Care in the Future
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 14 Using Informatics to Promote Community and Population Health
Introduction
Core Public Health Functions
Community Health Risk Assessment: Tools for Acquiring Knowledge
Processing Knowledge and Information to Support Epidemiology and Monitoring Disease Outbreaks
Applying Knowledge to Health Disaster Planning and Preparation
Informatics Tools to Support Communication and Dissemination
Using Feedback to Improve Responses and Promote Readiness
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 15 Informatics Tools to Support Healthcare Professional Education and Continuing Education
Introduction: Professional Education and the Foundation of Knowledge Model
Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing
Evolution of Learning Management Systems
Delivery Modalities
Face-to-Face Delivery Versus Collaborative Learning
Online Delivery
Hybrid or Blended Delivery
Technology Tools Supporting Education
Tutorials
Case Scenarios
Portfolios
Simulations (with Contributions by Nickolaus Miehl)
Virtual Worlds
Virtual Reality
Serious Games (Contributed by Brett Bixler)
Internet-Based Tools
Webcasts and Webinars
Searching
Instant Messaging
Chats and Online Discussions (Blogs)
Electronic Mailing Lists
Portals
Podcasts: Audiopods and Videopods
Multimedia
Promoting Active and Collaborative Learning
Knowledge Dissemination and Sharing
Networking
Presenting and Publishing
Continuing Education and Recertification
Fair Use and Copyright Restrictions
The Future
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 16 Data Mining as a Research Tool
Introduction: Big Data, Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery
KDD and Research
Data Mining Concepts
Data Mining Techniques
Data Mining Models
Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM)
Six Sigma
Sample, Explore, Modify, Model, Assess (SEMMA)
Data Mining and Electronic Health Records
Ethics of Data Mining
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 17 Finding, Understanding, and Applying Research Evidence in Practice
Introduction
Information Literacy
Acquiring Knowledge Through Internet and Library Holdings
Professional Online Databases
Search Engines
Electronic Library Catalogs
Information Sharing and Fair Use
Clarification of Research Terms
History of EBP
Evidence
Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice
Barriers to and Facilitators of EBP
Informatics Tools to Support EBP
Developing EBP Guidelines
Meta-Analysis and the Generation of Knowledge
The Future
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 18 Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics, and Computational Biology
Introduction
Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics, and Computational Biology Defined
Why Are Bioinformatics and Biomedical Informatics so Important?
What Does the Future Hold?
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Chapter 19 The Art of Delivering Patient-Centered Care in Technology-Laden Environments
Introduction
Caring Theories
Presence
Strategies for Enhancing Caring Presence
Reflective Practice
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
Additional Resources
References
Chapter 20 Generating and Managing Organizational Knowledge
Introduction
Foundation of Knowledge Model Revisited
The Nature of Knowledge
Knowledge Use in Practice
Characteristics of Knowledge Workers
Knowledge Management in Organizations
Managing Knowledge Across Disciplines
The Learning Healthcare System
Summary
Thought-Provoking Questions
Apply Your Knowledge
References
Appendix A Allied Health Professional Organizations
Appendix B Emerging Health Care Technologies by Discipline
Abbreviations
Glossary
Index