Influence of biomass on the curing of novolac-composites

✍ Scribed by J. Simitzis; K. Karagiannis; L. Zoumpoulakis

• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 1996
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 605 KB
• Volume: 32
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0014-3057
• DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(96)00011-0

✦ Synopsis

Novolac resin (N) was cured with hexamethylenetetramine (hexa) without or with biomass (B). The agricultural/industrial by-product of olive stones was used as biomass. The curing was followed by DSC and i. r.-spectroscopy and the kinetic of curing was performed based on DSC scans. For the cured composites having high amounts of hexa (28.6%), the characteristic peaks of hexa were present, whereas for the material having low amounts of hexa (10%) these peaks disappeared. The composites containing high proportions of novolac (N = 70%) exhibit the same values of the enthalpy changes AH and AH,,, , the latter calculated from the law of mixtures, whereas the composites with high proportion of biomass (B = 30%) show different values of AH and AH,,,. The kinetic parameters of activation energy E and frequency factor k, of the total curing reaction of novolac with hexa are almost the same for high amounts of hexa (20%, 28.6%) but are slightly increased with decreased amounts of hexa (IO%, 5%). The incorporation of biomass in the mass of novolac-hexa leads to an increase of E and k,. Generally, the curing reaction for all materials is a first order reaction.