Industrial Research and Changing Techn010gy.--GEORGE PERA-ZICH AND PHILIP ~. FIELD have made quite an extensive report as a result of their studies of conditions along these lines. The report is numbered M-4 and the work was a National Research Project of the Works Progress Administration. Among other things, the report states that statistical evidence indicates that during the period covered by this study research activities have been rapidly expanding. An analysis of the National Research Council surveys showed that between I927 and I938 the number of organizations reporting research laboratories has grown from about 9oo to more than 1,7oo affording employment to nearly 5o,ooo workers. Of all industries which maintain research laboratories, "Chemicals and allied products" have the largest number of employees. The group of industries covered by this classification employed over 9,5oo laboratory workers in I938. In the large industrial laboratories, whose work has become increasingly characteristic of today's research techniques, the research has itself become a mass production industry. Just as division of labor in manufacturing made possible significant increases in labor productivity, so the application of this principle to research has improved the effectiveness of the scientific work. In the attack upon a complex problem, the work in these laboratories is systematically divided among specialists in the several sciences or their branches. Each works on a separate phase of the investigation, and few need to know all the phases of the problem. The extent of the advantages which accrue to the laboratory when its size is increased, as well as the precise definition of what constitutes a large laboratory, may vary considerably from one industry to another depending on the character of the process and product, the size of enterprises in the industry, and the diversity of products. One feature which characterizes today's industrial research is that it represents a planned effort to achieve a solution of various industrial problems. The problems to be investigated and, to some extent, the ends sought are determined according to the business policies of the management. R. H. O.