Industrial Organic Chemistry

✍ Scribed by Benvenuto M.A.

• Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 159
• Series: De Gruyter Textbook
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Industrial Organic Chemistry examines all major industrial manufacturing technologies and reaction types with a focus on organic chemistry in general and petroleum refining in particular. The author takes a systematic approach to introducing the most important classes of organic compounds, from the C1 fraction through to polyaromatics and polymers.
The author introduces biological sources for key compounds such as fuel and plastics and compares these bio-based organic materials to the corresponding petroleum-based chemicals.
In addition to the chemistry behind processes in the petroleum, pharma, food and agrochemical industries, this book also discusses related topics such as process selectivity, waste management, and product purification.
Bridges the gap between classic laboratory chemistry and large-scale reactions.
Addresses practical technological issues and challenges.
Gives examples of applications of industrial organic chemistry in real life (e.g. pharmaceuticals, cosmetics).

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Also of interest
Industrial Organic Chemistry
Copyright
Preface 2nd edition
Preface
Contents
1. Introduction, overview, and history
1.1 Introduction and overview
1.2 Historical overview
1.2.1 The rise of the use of oil in the late 1800s
1.2.2 Petroleum consumption in the early 1900s, the First World War
1.2.3 Petroleum consumption during the Second World War
1.2.4 Post-World War II plastic production
1.3 World petroleum production
1.4 World petroleum use
1.5 Bio-based organic chemical production
References
2. Petroleum refining
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Refining for fuel
2.2.1 Desalting
2.2.2 Distillation
2.2.3 Hydrotreating or hydroprocessing
2.2.4 Cracking or hydrocracking
2.2.5 Coking
2.2.6 Visbreaking
2.2.7 Steam cracking
2.2.8 Catalytic reformers
2.2.9 Alkylation
2.2.10 Removal of the natural gas fraction (the C1)
2.2.11 Sulfur recovery
2.3 Commodity chemicals
2.4 Monomers
2.5 Pollution and recycling
References
3. The C1 fraction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methane
3.3 Methanol
3.4 Acetic acid
3.5 Formic acid
3.6 Formaldehyde
3.7 CO and CO2
3.7.1 Carbon monoxide
3.7.2 Carbon dioxide
3.8 Dichloromethane
3.9 Chloroform
3.10 Chlorofluorocarbon compounds
3.11 Hydrogen
3.12 Recycling and reuse
References
4. The C2 fraction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ethane
4.3 Ethylene
4.4 Ethylene oxide
4.5 Acetaldehyde and acetic acid
4.6 Ethanol
4.6.1 Ethanol as fuel
4.7 Acetylene
4.8 Vinyl derivatives
4.9 Recycling
References
5. The C3 fraction
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Propane
5.3 Propylene/propene
5.4 Propylene oxide
5.5 Acetone (and phenol)
5.6 Isopropanol
5.7 Acrolein
5.8 Acrylonitrile
5.9 Recycling and reuse
References
6. The C4 fraction
6.1 Butane
6.1.1 n-Butane
6.1.2 Isobutane
6.2 Butadiene
6.3 Monomers for rubber
6.4 Recycling
References
7. The C5–C8 fraction
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Light fuels
7.3 Gasoline
7.3.1 Gasoline as a liquid fuel
7.3.2 Gasoline additives
7.4 RON and MON
References
8. Benzene, toluene, xylene
8.1 Isolation
8.2 Solvents
8.3 Benzene
8.3.1 Steam cracking or catalytic reforming
8.3.2 Toluene hydrodealkylation
8.3.3 Toluene disproportionation
8.4 Fuel
8.5 Ethylbenzene and styrene
8.6 Cumene
8.7 Cyclohexane
8.8 Aniline
8.9 Chlorobenzene
8.10 Toluene diisocyanate
8.11 Trinitrotoluene
8.12 Xylene
8.13 Terephthalic acid
8.14 Dimethyl terephthalate
8.15 Phthalic anhydride
8.16 Recycling and reuse
References
9. The higher alkanes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fuel oil
9.3 Lubricating oils
9.4 Paraffin
9.5 Recycling and reuse
References
10. Further oils and lubricants
10.1 Polyalpha olefins
10.2 Polyalkalene glycols
10.3 Silicones
10.4 Recycling and reuse
References
11. Fuels, biofuels
11.1 Gasoline
11.2 Bioethanol
11.3 Diesel and biodiesel
11.4 Kerosene and jet fuel
11.5 Biobutanol
References
12. Polymers
12.1 Introduction and history
12.2 Resin identification code 1–6
12.2.1 RIC 1, polyethylene terephthalate
12.2.2 RIC 2 and RIC 4, high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene
12.2.3 RIC 3, polyvinylchloride
12.2.4 RIC 5, polypropylene (PP)
12.2.5 RIC 6, polystyrene (PS)
12.3 Thermoplastics
12.4 Thermosets
12.5 Specialty plastics
12.6 Bio-based plastics
12.6.1 Polylactic acid
12.7 Recycling
References
13. Naphthalene and higher polyaromatics
13.1 Production
13.2 Naphthalene
13.3 Anthracene
13.4 Anthraquinone
13.5 Recycling and reuse
References
14. Coal as a source
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Coal gasification
14.3 Coal liquefaction
14.4 Recycling and reuse
References
15. Pharmaceuticals
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Source materials
15.3 Classifications
15.3.1 Top 100 prescription medications
15.3.2 Major over-the-counter medicines
15.4 Development
15.5 Production methods
15.5.1 Aspirin synthesis
15.5.2 Acetaminophen
15.5.3 Ibuprofen
15.5.4 Codeine
15.5.5 Morphine
15.6 Reuse and recycling
References
16. Food chemicals and food additives
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Vitamins
16.2.1 Vitamin A
16.2.2 Vitamin B1
16.2.3 Vitamin B2
16.2.4 Vitamin B3
16.2.5 Vitamin B5
16.2.6 Vitamin B6
16.2.7 Vitamin B7
16.2.8 Vitamin B9
16.2.9 Vitamin B12
16.2.10 Vitamin C
16.2.11 Vitamin D
16.2.12 Vitamin E
16.2.13 Vitamin K
16.2.14 Vitamin F
16.2.15 Vitamin uses
16.3 Food additives
16.3.1 Food coloring
16.3.2 Flavor enhancers
16.3.3 Preserving freshness
16.3.4 Enhancing mouth feel
16.3.5 Inorganic additives
16.4 Food additive production
16.5 Recycling or reuse
References
17. Agrochemicals
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Ammonia
17.3 Ammonia-based fertilizers
17.3.1 Ammonium nitrate
17.3.2 Urea
17.3.3 Ammonium sulfate
17.3.4 Mixed fertilizers
17.4 Pesticides
17.4.1 Herbicides
17.4.2 Insecticides
17.5 Reuse and recycling
References
Subject index