Indoor Air Pollution has become a major topic in environmental research and health. Most people spend more than 80 % of their time in buildings and are exposed to a broad range of pollutants from indoor sources like building materials, furniture, carpets and textiles, heating and cooking, household and consumer products etc. The volume on Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) provides a comprehensive review on the major indoor air pollutants: volatile organic compounds, biocides, indoor particles and fibres, combustion products and micro organisms and their metabolites. Sources and sinks of air pollutants in indoor environments and their chemistry are distinctly different from ambient air pollution even though the latter may influence indoor air quality. Adsorption and desorption processes, the pollutant source dynamics, gas phase reactions and kinetics + including the fate and final chemical destiny of chemically unstable intermediate compounds - are topics of scientific research as well as the evaluation of their sensory impact and irritation potential. Guidelines for assessing indoor pollution and a broad range of analytical methods have been recently developed and are reviewed by internationally renowned scientists. The specific characteristics of indoor air pollution in developing countries due to the widespread use of open fires for cooking, heating and lighting are analysed as well as the Chinese strategies to address the growing pollution problems by air pollution in its modern building stock.