Inclusive Development and Poverty Reduction (International Research on Poverty Reduction)

✍ Scribed by Changsheng Zuo (editor), Chengwei Huang (editor), Xiaojun He (editor), Xiaolin Wang (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 158
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book discusses poverty reduction and inclusive development in China. The relevant research reports included here combine unique perspectives and thorough analysis, and include both comparative and empirical analyses. Although China is the first country to have achieved the UN’s Millennium Development Goals, it still faces enormous problems and challenges in terms of narrowing the income gap, reducing poverty and attaining sustainable development. This book not only provides valuable theoretical material to help readers understand inclusive development and poverty reduction in today’s China, but also offers relevant government authorities a solid theoretical and practical basis for informed decision-making.

✦ Table of Contents

Editors’ Note
Contents
1 Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Analysis and Suggestions
1.1 Main Issues
1.1.1 Issue 1: Most of the World’s Poor Come from Middle-Income Countries
1.1.2 Issue 2: Inequality Is Increasing in Many Middle-Income Countries
1.1.3 Issue 3: Inequality May Hinder Development
1.2 Why Inequality Persists in Middle-Income Countries
1.3 Addressing Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Policy, Practice and Case Studies
1.4 The Need for a Diversity of Policies to Reduce Inequality
1.4.1 Addressing Regional Inequalities
1.4.2 Addressing Inequalities in Health and Education
1.4.3 Changes in Fiscal Policy
1.4.4 Improving Social Protection
1.5 Summary
References
2 Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction of China: Progress and Main Policies
2.1 Inclusive Growth in China: Experience and Key Features
2.1.1 Reform of the Economic System Promotes Rapid Economic Growth and Drives Large-Scale Poverty Reduction Across the Country (1978–2001)
2.1.2 Policy Adjustment Promotes Overall Planning of Urban and Rural Areas and Drives Balanced Development (2002–2010)
2.1.3 Building an Institutional System Promotes Inclusive Growth and Boosts Comprehensive, Coordinated and Sustainable Economic and Social Development (Since 2011)
2.2 Main Policies Promoting Inclusive Growth in China
2.2.1 Adjusting and Optimizing the Industrial Structure, and Emphatically Promoting the Transformation of the Economic Development Model
2.2.2 Improving the Quality and Ability of Workers, and Creating More Employment and Development Opportunities
2.3 Employment and Social Security Policies for Migrant Population
2.4 Labor Transfer and Training
2.4.1 Adjusting Income Distribution to Narrow the Income Gap
2.5 Policy Concerning Individual Income Tax
2.6 Agricultural Tax and Rural Taxes and Fees
2.6.1 Strengthening the Construction of the Social Security Network and Focusing on Improving People’s Livelihood
2.7 Comprehensive Popularization of Compulsory Education
2.8 Improving Medical and Healthcare Facilities and Healthcare Services
2.9 Establishing Urban and Rural Minimum Living Allowance System
2.10 Sustaining Inclusive Growth and Continuing Poverty Alleviation: Policy Suggestions
2.10.1 Promoting the Transition from High-Speed, Extensive Growth to Balanced Growth and Sustainable Development
2.10.2 Expanding Domestic Demand and Building a Consumer Society
2.10.3 Protecting the Rights and Interests of Workers and Improving Their Treatment
2.10.4 Adjusting the Distribution Structure and Continuing to Narrow the Widening Income Gap
2.10.5 Continuing to Improve the Mechanism and System, and Striving to Expand Social Security Coverage and Raise the Treatment Levels
2.11 Insights and Lessons
References
3 Income Distribution Policies as an Instrument for Promoting Inclusive Development: China’s Experience
3.1 Inclusive Development and Income Gap: A Discussion About the Concepts
3.2 Changes in Income Distribution and Poverty in China
3.3 Assessing the Effects of China’s Income Distribution Policy on Inclusive Development
3.3.1 Agricultural Taxes and Rural Taxes and Fees Reform
3.3.2 Individual Income Tax Policy
3.3.3 Minimum Living Allowance System
3.3.4 Rural Policies Benefiting Farmers
3.3.5 Social Security
3.4 A Stronger Role for Income Distribution Policy in Inclusive Development
References
4 Inclusive Development and Fiscal Policy
4.1 The Importance of Inclusive Development and the Function of Government Spending
4.1.1 The Need for a Clear Understanding of What Inclusive Development Means
4.1.2 Fully Understanding Strategic Significance of Realizing Inclusive Development
4.1.3 The Role of Government and Public Finance in Inclusive Development
4.2 Existing Fiscal Policy and Its Impact on Inclusive Development in China
4.2.1 Major Fiscal Policies and Effects in Recent Years
4.2.2 Main Problems
4.3 Suggestions for Short- and Medium-Term Fiscal Policies
4.3.1 Fiscal Policy as a Means for Promoting Fair and Balanced Social Income Distribution
4.3.2 Making Innovations on the Financial System and Distribution Mechanism to Promote Substantial Progress in Equal Access to Basic Public Services
4.3.3 Strengthening Financial Support and Vigorously Promoting Poverty Reduction and Development in Concentrated Contiguous Poor Areas
References
5 Population and Employment Policies as Instruments for Facilitating Inclusive Development
5.1 Population Policy: Content, Effects and Evolution
5.1.1 Shaping of Population Policy and the People-Oriented Starting Point
5.1.2 Changes in Execution Mode and Incentive Mechanism of the Population Policy
5.1.3 Unprecedented Demographic Shift: Fertility Decline
5.1.4 Positive Effects: Contribution of Demographic Dividend to Economic Growth
5.2 Pro-active Labor Policies and Their Effects
5.2.1 The Establishment and Improvement of Active Labor Market Policies
5.2.2 Labor Market Development and Employment Expansion
5.2.3 Labor Mobility: Effect on Poverty Reduction and Income Growth
5.2.4 Construction of the Labor Market System and Labor Rights and Interests
5.3 New Policies Needed to Keep Up with Change in Development Stage
5.3.1 The Arrival of the Two ‘Turning Points’
5.3.2 New Trends and New Tasks in the Labor Market
5.3.3 Challenges to the Demographic Structure
5.4 Improve Policies to Promote Comprehensive Population Development
5.4.1 Improving Overall Human Capital
5.4.2 Actively Responding to the Aging of Population
5.4.3 Gradually Improving Fertility Policies
5.4.4 Creating Systemic Conditions for Gender Equality
5.5 The Need for More Inclusive Employment Policies
5.5.1 Shifting Focus from Total Quantity to Structure
5.5.2 Promoting the Integration of Urban and Rural Employment
5.5.3 Labor Market Institutions Construction and Social Protection
References
6 Promoting Inclusive Development by Supporting Technological Innovations in Rural and Agricultural Development
6.1 New Opportunities for Inclusive Development
6.1.1 World Economy and Social Development Face Heavy Task of Accelerating Transformation After the International Financial Crisis of 2008
6.1.2 New Challenges from Global Climate Change
6.1.3 New Changes in Social Development
6.2 Rural Development as Fundamental to Inclusive Development
6.2.1 Origin and Meaning of Inclusive Development
6.2.2 Worldwide Issues of Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers
6.2.3 Strategically Addressing the Issues of Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers for Inclusive Development
6.3 Strengthening Technical Innovations, Accelerating Rural Development, and Promoting Inclusive Development
6.3.1 Innovations Promoting and Accelerating Inclusive Development of Rural Areas
6.3.2 Priorities of Rural Technical Innovation
6.3.3 Policy Suggestions
7 Promoting Inclusive Development with More Effective Environmental Policies
7.1 Ecologically Vulnerability and Poverty: Breaking the Vicious Cycle
7.1.1 Poverty Mainly Occurs in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas
7.1.2 The Great Difficulties of Poverty Alleviation in the Ecologically Vulnerable Areas
7.1.3 Ecologically Vulnerable Areas Can Hardly Consolidate the Achievements of Poverty Reduction
7.1.4 Poverty and Environmental Degradation in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas Interact in Terms of Both Cause and Effect
7.2 Ecological Improvement and Poverty Alleviation in China: Achievements and Problems
7.2.1 Grain for Green Program
7.2.2 Rehabilitating Degraded Grassland with Grazing Ban
7.2.3 Natural Forest Resources Protection Project
7.2.4 The Beijing-Tianjin Region Sandstorm Abatement Project
7.2.5 National Wildlife Protection and Construction of Nature Reserves
7.3 Inclusive Development—Development Mode Combining Ecological Improvement with Poverty Reduction Goals
7.3.1 Meaning of Inclusive Development
7.3.2 Multi-objective Coordination Is the Essential Requirement of Inclusive Development
7.3.3 Inclusive Measures Are Required to Mitigate the Tension Between Ecological Improvement and Poverty Reduction
7.4 Integrating Ecological Project and Poverty Reduction—Inevitable Choice for China to Break Through the Bottleneck of Poverty Reduction
7.4.1 Ecological Improvement as a Fundamental of Poverty Alleviation and the Foundation of Development
7.4.2 Continuous Ecological Improvement Is Premised on Equal Participation of the Poor
7.4.3 The Ecological Economy Is the Driving Force of Ecological Improvement and Poverty Reduction
7.4.4 The Ecological Compensation Is a Feedback to Sharing the Results of Ecological Improvement
References