transfer to the scrotum. Initial results of this modification have been encouraging'.
This review demonstrates a satisfactory result for 65 per cent of intra-abdominal testes not suitable for a standard orchidopexy. Kogan rt a/.3 reported an 89 per cent success rate with a single-stage Fowler-Stephens technique, but subjects were excluded if they failed the Fowler-Stephens bleeding test. Using a staged approach in Birmingham it has been possible to include all immobile intra-abdominal testes with short vessels, which were considered to be unsuitable for standard orchidopexy .
The testicular vessels were divided approximately 2 cm from the testis'.4 and it may be that leaving a longer stump of 4 to 5 cm, as recommended by Kogan et big l combined with a staged procedure would give improved results.
Surgical workshop
References
I . Ransley PG, Vordermark JS, Caldamone AA et al. Preliminary ligation of the gonadal vessels prior to orchidopexy for the intra-abdominal testicle. A staged Fowler-Stephens procedure. World J Urol 1984; 2: 266-8. Fowler R, Stephens FD. The role of testicular vascular anatomy in the salvage of high undescended testes. Ausr NZ J Surg 1959; 29: 92-105. Kogan SJ, Houman BZ, Reda EF et a/. Orchiopexy of the high undescended testis by division of the spermatic vessels: a critical review of 38 selected transections.