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Improving image quality in visual cryptography

✍ Scribed by Yan B., Xiang Y., Hua G


Publisher
Springer
Year
2020
Tongue
English
Leaves
131
Category
Library

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✦ Table of Contents


Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Contents......Page 10
Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 13
Matrices/Vectors......Page 14
1.1 Brief History of Visual Cryptography......Page 16
1.2.1 Online Transaction Security......Page 18
1.2.2 Privacy Protection......Page 21
1.2.3 Barcode Security......Page 23
1.2.4 Electronic Voting System Security......Page 24
1.3 Classification of Visual Cryptography Algorithms......Page 25
1.4 Remark and Introduction to Chapters......Page 26
References......Page 27
2.1.1 A Note on Color Convention......Page 30
2.2.1 Introduction......Page 31
2.2.2 Definition......Page 33
2.2.3 Constructions......Page 34
2.3 Probabilistic Visual Cryptography......Page 35
2.4 Random Grid Visual Cryptography......Page 38
2.4.1 Generalized Random Grid......Page 42
2.5.1 Strong Security and Weak Security......Page 43
References......Page 47
3.1 Introduction to Digital Halftoning......Page 49
3.2 Bi-level Quantization......Page 50
3.3 Ordered Dithering......Page 51
3.3.1 Clustered Dot Dithering......Page 52
3.3.2 Dispersed Dot Dithering......Page 54
3.4.1 Error Diffusion......Page 55
3.4.2 Mathematical Model......Page 57
3.5 Direct Binary Search......Page 61
3.5.1 Direct Implementation......Page 62
3.6 Quality Measures for Halftone Image......Page 63
3.6.2 Blue Noise and Spectral Characterization......Page 64
3.6.3 Residual Variance......Page 65
References......Page 66
4.1.1 Basic Extended VC......Page 68
4.1.2 User-Friendly Random Grid......Page 71
4.1.3 Pixel Swapping Algorithm......Page 72
4.2 Error-Diffusion Based Scheme......Page 74
4.2.1 SIPs and ABPs......Page 75
4.2.2 Constrained Error Diffusion......Page 77
4.3 Extended VC with a Hidden Watermark......Page 78
4.3.1 Simultaneous Encoding of Secret and Watermark......Page 79
4.3.2 Extension to N>2 Shares......Page 81
4.3.4 Experimental Test......Page 82
4.4 Summary......Page 85
References......Page 86
5.1 (k,n)-Threshold VC for Grayscale Image......Page 87
5.2.1 Wang's Algorithm......Page 90
5.2.2 AbS-Based Probabilistic VC......Page 93
5.3.2 Blue Noise Approach......Page 99
5.3.3 AbS-Based Algorithm for Random Grid Visual Cryptography......Page 103
5.4 Remarks......Page 105
References......Page 106
6.1 Vector Visual Cryptography......Page 108
6.1.1 Hou's Block Encoding Algorithm......Page 109
6.1.2 Lee's Block Encoding Algorithm......Page 113
6.1.3 Vector VC for Binary Secret Image......Page 116
6.2.1 VC Encryption and Local Blackness Preservation......Page 118
6.3 AbS-Based Vector VC......Page 121
References......Page 126
7.1 Summary and Conclusion......Page 128
7.2.2 Color VC......Page 129
7.2.6 Printer Model and HVS Model......Page 130
References......Page 131


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