Preface
Acknowledgments
About This Book/Project
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Implementing Industry 4.0 for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs
1 Status of the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in SMEs and Framework for Smart Manufacturing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Status of Industry 4.0 Implementation in SMEs
1.2.1 Review of Literature on Industry 4.0 Implementation in SMEs
1.2.2 Summary on the Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies in SMEs
1.3 Framework and Guidelines for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs
1.3.1 Axiomatic Design Guidelines for Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs
1.3.2 Framework for Highly Adaptable and Smart Manufacturing in SMEs
1.3.3 Three-Stage Model for Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs
1.4 Industry 4.0+: An Outlook on Future Challenges for SMEs
References
2 Computational Intelligence in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Neural Networks
2.2.1 Fundamentals of Neural Networks
2.2.2 Use of Neural Networks in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.3 Fuzzy Systems
2.3.1 Fundamentals of Fuzzy Systems
2.3.2 Use of Fuzzy Systems in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.4 Evolutionary Computation
2.4.1 Fundamentals of Evolutionary Computation
2.4.2 Use of Evolutionary Computation in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.5 Swarm Intelligence
2.5.1 Fundamentals of Swarm Intelligence
2.5.2 Use of Swarm Intelligence in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.6 Artificial Immune Systems
2.6.1 Fundamentals of Artificial Immune Systems
2.6.2 Use of Artificial Immune Systems in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.7 Big Data
2.8 Deep Learning
2.8.1 Fundamentals of Deep Learning
2.8.1.1 Autoencoders
2.8.1.2 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
2.8.1.3 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
2.8.2 Use of Deep Learning in the Context of Industry 4.0
2.9 Use of Computational Intelligence in Cyber-Physical Systems
2.10 Case Study: Industrial Parts Recognition by Convolutional Neural Networks for Assisted Assembly
2.10.1 Input Samples Generation from 3D Virtual Models
2.10.2 Identification of a Region of Interest for Recognition of Small Parts
2.10.3 Convolutional Network Transform Learning
2.10.4 Implementation into Devices for Assisted Assembly
2.10.4.1 Implementation into Embedded Devices
2.10.4.2 Implementation to VR/AR Devices
2.11 Discussion
2.12 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
3 AI and ML for Human-Robot Cooperation in Intelligent and Flexible Manufacturing
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
3.2.1 What’s Artificial Intelligence?
3.2.2 What’s Machine Learning?
3.2.3 What’s the Relation Between Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning?
3.3 Human–Robot Cooperation for Smart Manufacturing
3.3.1 CPS and Safety
3.3.2 Human–Robot Cooperation in Assembly
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Industrial Assistance Systems to Enhance Human–Machine Interaction and Operator’s Capabilities in Assembly
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical Background
4.2.1 Industrial Assistance Systems
4.2.2 User Groups in Production
4.2.3 Importance of Human–Machine Interaction in Production
4.2.4 Relevance of Assistance Systems in Literature
4.3 Overview of Industrial Assistance Systems in Production
4.3.1 Sensorial Worker Assistance Systems
4.3.2 Physical Worker Assistance Systems
4.3.3 Cognitive Worker Assistance Systems
4.4 Discussion of Risks, Challenges, and Potential
4.5 Conclusion
References
Part II Implementing Industry 4.0 for Smart Logistics in SMEs
5 Investigation of the Potential to Use Real-Time Data in Production Planning and Control of Make to Order (MTO) Manufacturing Companies
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Problem Formulation
5.3 Related Work
5.4 Research Design/Methodology
5.5 Results and Discussion
5.5.1 Research Question 1 (RQ1): Comparative Evaluation of PPC Strategies
5.5.2 Research Question 2 (RQ2): Evaluation of Real-Time Data Usage within the PPC Strategies
5.6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
6 Readiness Model for Integration of ICT and CPS for SMEs Smart Logistics
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Related Works
6.3 Readiness Model for Integration of ICT and CPS for Smart Logistics
6.4 Stages of Readiness
6.5 Readiness Process Areas
6.6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
7 Automated Performance Measurement in Internal Logistics Systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Problem Formulation
7.3 Monitoring and Controlling—Enablers for High-Level Responsiveness and Systematic Planning
7.4 State-of-the-Art and Literature Review
7.5 Deduction of a Model for Availability and Performance Assessment
7.6 Discussion and Further Research Directions
7.7 Conclusions
References
8 A Case Study: Industry 4.0 and Human Factors in SMEs
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Problem Formulation
8.3 Related Work
8.4 Learning and Learning Culture
8.5 A Case of Human Factors in Implementing New Technology
8.5.1 The Objective of Investigation: The Company ‘Precision Machine Products, Inc.’ (PMP)
8.5.2 The Project
8.5.3 The Human Factor
8.6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Part III Organizational and Management Models for Smart SMEs
9 Transition of SMEs Towards Smart Factories: Business Models and Concepts
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Importance of Systems Approach in Transforming Organizations
9.3 Transition of SMEs Towards Platform-Based Business Models
9.3.1 A Quantitative Analysis of Platform-Based Business Models
9.3.2 A Qualitative Analysis of Platform-Based Business Models
9.3.3 Typical Features of Platform-Based Business Models
9.4 New Work Roles in Industry 4.0 Environment
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Toward SME 4.0: The Impact of Industry 4.0 Technologies on SMEs’ Business Models
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background
10.2.1 Industry 4.0
10.2.2 Business Model
10.2.3 Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises
10.3 Methodology
10.3.1 Literature Review Methodology
10.3.2 Contingency Analysis of the Literature Review Findings
10.3.3 Secondary Data Analysis Methodology
10.4 Results
10.4.1 Content Analysis of the Reviewed Papers
10.4.1.1 Overarching Trends in the Reviewed Papers
10.4.1.2 Business Model Building Blocks Modified by Industry 4.0 Implementation
10.4.1.3 Contingency Analysis of Industry 4.0 Technologies and Business Model Building Blocks
10.4.2 Secondary Data Analysis
10.5 Discussion and Conclusion
Appendix I: 30 Sample SMEs
References
11 General Assessment of Industry 4.0 Awareness in South India—A Precondition for Efficient Organization Models?
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.3 Problem Description
11.4 Methodology
11.5 Results and Discussion
11.5.1 General Awareness, Age and Education
11.5.2 Expectations of Importance for SMEs
11.5.3 Living Conditions Effects Expectations
11.6 Conclusions
References
12 Implementation Strategies for SME 4.0: Insights on Thailand
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Implementation Strategies for SMEs
12.2.1 Phase 1—Analysis
12.2.2 Phase 2—Development Plan
12.2.3 Phase 3—Implementation Strategies
12.3 Industry 4.0 Implementation in Thailand
12.4 Case Study—Thai Agritech SME
12.4.1 Business Idea of Agritech
12.4.2 Plant Factory—The Foresight of Agritech Business
12.4.3 Technology Blueprint Development—Plant Factory
12.4.4 Requirement of New Skills—Addressing SME 4.0
12.4.5 Implementation Strategies for SME 4.0
12.5 Discussion
References
Index