Women who practice breast-self examination (BSE) occasionally detect breast lumps that are ultimately biopsied and found to be benign. This research examined the impact of a negative breast biopsy on subsequent BSE practice. A total of 655 women comprised three study groups: 88 women who discovered their breast problem by BSE; 179 women whose lump was identified by an individual/procedure in the health care system; and 393 women with no history of breast problems. Telephone interviews determined BSE practice for 6-month intervals prior to, and after, the benign biopsy experience. Among previously-regular practitioners, 211 of the selfdiscovered group and 16% of those whose lump was discovered in the health care system reduced their BSE practice below the recommended monthly interval following the benign biopsy. In contrast, among initiallynonregular practitioners, 29% of the self-discovered group, and 25% of the health care system group subsequently became regular BSE practitioners. Possible explanations are offered for these opposite shifts in BSE regularity, and some practical suggestions are provided for health care professionals who counsel women following a benign biopsy experience.