Immunoreactive prostate-specific antigen levels in female and male breast tumors and its association with steroid hormone receptors and patient age

Early castration-induced upregulation of

Early castration-induced upregulation of transforming growth factor ?1 and its receptors is associated with tumor cell apoptosis and a major decline in serum prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer patients

✍ Wikstr�m, Pernilla; Westin, Patrick; Stattin, P�r; Damber, Jan-Erik; Bergh, Ande 📂 Article 📅 1999 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 728 KB

## BACKGROUND. The mechanism behind castration-induced apoptosis in prostate cells is unknown, but data from other species suggest that transforming growth factor ␤1 (TGF-␤1) may be involved. METHODS. By using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, expression of TGF-␤1 and its receptors typ