Identification of vestibular sense organs responsible for maculo-ocular reflexes in the frog

✦ Synopsis

Eye movements evoked by longitudinal and transverse sinusoidal linear accelerations in the horizontal plane were studied in frogs after selective bilateral section of the anterior division (including the utricular, but not the saccular branch), the utricular branch, the posterior division, the lagenar branch or the saccular branch of the VIIIth nerve and compared to responses obtained from intact animals. In frogs with bilateral section of the anterior division of the VIIIth nerve or its utricular branch no eye movements could be evoked in the dark. The maculo-ocular response dynamics in terms of frequency response in animals with selective bilateral saccular or lagenar deafferentation was within the limits of control animals. Our lesion experiments suggest that the utricule and not the lagena or the saccule is mainly responsible for the generation of maculo-ocular eye movements.

Renal insufficiency and anemia are indep

Renal insufficiency and anemia are independent risk factors for death among patients with acute myocardial infarction1,21As published material, the contents of this manuscript may not be cited, quoted, reproduced or published without the consent of the authors.2The analyses upon which this publication is based were performed under Contract Number 500-96-P704, entitled âOperation Utilization and Quality Control Peer Review Organization (PRO) for the State of Georgiaâ and sponsored by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Department of Health and Human Services. The conclusions and opinions expressed, and methods used herein are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect CMS policy. The authors assume full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the ideas presented. This article is a direct result of the Health Care Quality Improvement Program initiated by CMS, which has encouraged identification of quality improvement projects derived from analysis of patterns of care, and therefore required no special funding on the part of this Contractor. Ideas and contributions to the authors concerning experience in engaging with issues presented are welcomed.

✍ Langston, Robert D.; Presley, Rodney; Flanders, W. Dana; Mcclellan, William M. 📂 Article 📅 2003 🏛 Nature Publishing Group 🌐 English ⚖ 373 KB