Identification of light and very heavy cosmic ray primaries at E0 ≈ 1015 eV from surface and deep underground measurements at the Gran Sasso Laboratories
✍ Scribed by G. Navarra
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1999
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 301 KB
- Volume
- 70
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0920-5632
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✦ Synopsis
Very heavy' (iron-like) and 'light' (proton-like) cosmic ray primaries are identified at primary energies Ee x 1015 eV by means of simultaneous measurements of shower size Ne, N,, GeV (= N,,(E, > 1 GeV)) at the surface, and N Tev (= N,(E, > 1.3 TeV)) and AE,,/AL (i.e. muon energy losses per unit of track length) at the Gran .&so Laboratories by EAS-TOP at the surface (2000 m a.s.1.) and LVD deep underground (3400 m w.e. depth). 'Very heavy' primaries are selected using large muon numbers detected by LVD; 'light' primaries using high muon energy losses in the LVD scintillation counters, the two selections operating in two different predehned ranges of N,. Their identification is confirmed from the analysis at the surface in the N, -NpGeV domain, by their 'location' in regions of 'high' and 'low' muon numbers. The experimental points lay around the average predictions from the CORSIKA-HDPM code.
This procedure provides the first interpretation of individual events at such primary energies through the Extensive Air Shower technique, and the verification (at least on average) of the CORSIKA-HDPM code.
The presence of iron-like primaries is proved up to primary energies EO x 5.1015 eV.