Augusto Roa Bastos's novel "I the Supreme" (1973) may be one of the most famous and yet least understood works of contemporary Latin American fiction. Based on the 26-year reign of Paraguayan dictator, Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia (1766-1840), the novel carries on dialogues with history in unexpected ways. Helene Carol Weldt-Basson analyzes Roa Bastos's seminal work by unravelling the rich web of both historical and non-historical intertextuality that is critical to an understanding of this novel. Weldt-Basson first establishes the preliminary connections between "I the Supreme" and Roa Bastos's previous works. She continues her analysis of the novel's fragmented structure by focusing on its complex use of narrative "voice" and symbolism. In doing so, the author applies and extends some of the most stimulating contemporary literary theories of dialogism and intertextuality, in particular those of Mikhail Bakhtin. Weldt-Basson also discusses the novel's dialogic relationship with history and examines how the novel "answers" and parodies historical texts, imitates the constructive process of historiography, and amplifies and exaggerates historical events. In addition, she investigates the novel's incorporation of non-historical intertexts, especially the works of Cervantes, Pascal, Raymond Roussel and Roa Bastos himself. She offers suggestions regarding how the reader may deduce authorial norms and values from the novel's dialogic structure.