Hypercrosslinked Polymeric Networks and Adsorbing Materials, Volume 56: Synthesis, Properties, Structure, and Applications

✍ Scribed by Vadim Davankov, Maria P. Tsyurupa

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 654
• Series: Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Hypercrosslinked network polymers present a new class of polymeric materials with very wide application possibilities, including adsorption technology, ion exchange, HPLC, analytical chemistry, nanotechnology (nanocomposites), medical polymers

• First book describing the theory, practice of preparation and use of polymeric adsorbing materials with the emphasis on new hypercrosslinked polystyrene-type polymers
• Written by the originators of the concept of hypercrosslinked polymers
• Complex phenomena are explained by appealing to common sense, analogies and well-known effects, rather than complex mathematical treatment and computer modelling
• Reviews many Russian, German and even Czech language publications
• Contains numerous experimental data in the form of Figures and Tables
  
  
    
  

✦ Table of Contents

01......Page 1
02......Page 2
03......Page 3
04......Page 4
05......Page 5
06......Page 6
07......Page 7
08......Page 8
Advisory Board......Page 9
Volume Editors......Page 10
Copyright......Page 11
Series Editor’s Preface......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
References......Page 22
06......Page 23
Gel-Type Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymers by Free Radical Copolymerization......Page 24
Monomer reactivity ratio in crosslinking copolymerization......Page 25
Monomer reactivity ratios of styrene and DVB isomers......Page 27
Intramolecular cyclization vs. branching during crosslinking copolymerization......Page 33
Suspension polymerization as an additional source of network inhomogeneity......Page 40
Formation of popcorn polymer......Page 42
Properties of conventional styrene-DVB copolymers......Page 43
Gel-Type Styrene-DVB Copolymers by Anionic Copolymerization......Page 50
Synthesis of model ldquoideal......Page 51
Verification of the swelling theory......Page 53
Characterization of model networks by SANS technique......Page 64
Presumptive mechanism of swelling of model networks......Page 71
Interpenetration of polymeric coils in model networks......Page 73
Study of model networks by other methods......Page 76
Gel-Type Ion-Exchange Resins......Page 77
Interpenetrating Styrene-Divinylbenzene Networks......Page 84
Interpenetrating Ion-Exchange Resins......Page 91
Macroporous Styrene–Divinylbenzene Copolymers......Page 92
Determination of porous structure parameters......Page 93
Phase separation during the crosslinking copolymerization in the presence of diluents......Page 105
Experimental findings......Page 109
Formation of macroporous texture in the presence of precipitating diluents......Page 119
Formation of macroporous copolymers in the presence of solvating diluents......Page 124
Formation of macroporous copolymers in the presence of linear polystyrene......Page 129
Macroporous Ion-Exchange Resins......Page 134
Formation of Gigaporous Texture in The Presence of Solid Porogens......Page 138
Formation of Gigaporous Texture by Polymerization of Reversed Emulsions......Page 140
In situ preparation of porous continuous polymeric beds......Page 149
Polymeric monoliths in chromatography and electrochromatography......Page 159
Isoporous Anion--Exchange Resins......Page 167
References to Part One......Page 171
12......Page 184
Basic Principles of Formation of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Networks......Page 185
Crosslinking Agents and Chemistry of Post-crosslinking......Page 189
New Terms for Polymeric Networks......Page 197
Choice of solvents and catalysts......Page 198
Synthesis conditions of macronet isoporous and hypercrosslinked polystyrene networks......Page 199
FTIR spectra of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes......Page 202
Some chemical groups in the structure of hypercrosslinked polystyrene......Page 206
Synthesis of hypercrosslinked networks in the presence of aqueous solutions of Friedel-Crafts catalysts......Page 210
Factors Determining the Swelling Behavior of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Networks......Page 212
The influence of dilution of the initial system......Page 213
The role of the initial copolymer network......Page 216
Influence of the uniformity of crosslink distribution......Page 218
The role of inner stresses of the hypercrosslinked network and the structure of crosslinking bridges......Page 219
The role of the reaction rate of polystyrene with crosslinking agents......Page 230
The effect of the reaction medium......Page 236
The influence of polystyrene molecular weight......Page 238
The Kinetics of Swelling of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene......Page 240
Some Remarks Concerning the Swelling Ability of Three-Dimensional Polymers......Page 243
Physical background of photoelasticity phenomenon......Page 248
Visualization of inner stresses in networks on swelling......Page 250
Apparent density of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes......Page 255
Apparent inner surface area of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes......Page 257
Pore volume of hypercrosslinked polymers......Page 262
Pore size and pore size distribution of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes......Page 264
Morphology of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrenes......Page 275
Investigation of polymer texture by electron microscopy......Page 276
Investigation of hypercrosslinked polystyrenes by small-angle X-ray scattering......Page 283
Biporous Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Networks......Page 285
Thermomechanical tests and the physical state of hypercrosslinked networks......Page 291
Thermodilatometric analysis of hypercrosslinked polymers......Page 299
Thermal stability of hypercrosslinked polystyrene......Page 304
Deswelling of Porous Network Polymers......Page 308
Intramolecular Crosslinking of Polystyrene Coils......Page 313
Properties of Polystyrene Nanosponges......Page 319
Self-Assembling of Nanosponges to Regular Clusters......Page 322
Distinguishing Structural Features of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Networks......Page 331
Unusual Structure-Property Relations for Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene......Page 335
Other Types of Hypercrosslinked Networks......Page 343
Macroporous hypercrosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers and related networks......Page 344
Hypercrosslinked polysulfone......Page 345
Hypercrosslinked polyarylates......Page 346
Hypercrosslinked polyxylylene......Page 347
Hypercrosslinked polyaniline and polypyrrole......Page 349
Hypercrosslinked polyamide and polyimide networks......Page 352
Hydrophilic hypercrosslinked pyridine-containing polymers......Page 353
Other types of hypercrosslinked organic polymers......Page 354
Hypercrosslinked polysilsesquioxane networks......Page 362
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs)......Page 363
Commercially Available Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Resins......Page 370
References to Part Two......Page 375
17......Page 384
Polymeric Adsorbents Versus Activated Carbons......Page 385
Analysis of Adsorption Isotherms on Hypercrosslinked Polystyrenes......Page 388
Sorption of Organic Vapors Under Static Conditions......Page 394
Kinetics of Sorption of Hydrocarbon Vapors......Page 403
Sorption of Hydrocarbon Vapors Under Dynamic Conditions......Page 407
Desorption of Hydrocarbons......Page 412
Passivity of Hypercrosslinked Sorbents......Page 415
Evaluation of Adsorption Activity of Hypercrosslinked Sorbents by Means of Gas Chromatography......Page 416
Sorption of Ortho-Para-Spin Isomers and Isotope Isomers of Water......Page 421
Sorption of Organic Synthetic Dyes......Page 424
Sorption of Tributyl Ester of Phosphoric Acid......Page 428
Sorption of N-Valeric Acid......Page 430
Clarification of Colored Fermentation Liquids......Page 431
Sorption of Lipids......Page 435
Sorption of Gasoline......Page 436
Sorption of Phenols......Page 437
Removal of Chloroform from Industrial Wastewaters......Page 441
Sorption of Pesticides......Page 442
Extraction of Caffeine from Coffee Beans......Page 445
Decolorizing of Aqueous Sugar Syrups......Page 446
Removal of Bitterness from Citrus Juice......Page 447
Sorption of Cephalosporin C......Page 448
Sorption of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds......Page 449
Hypercrosslinked Sorbents Versus Amberlite XAD-4......Page 452
Sorption of Inorganic Cations......Page 453
Nanoporous Adsorbing Materials in Ion Size-Exclusion Chromatography......Page 458
Development of the Chromatographic Separations of Mineral Electrolytes Under Conditions Excluding Ion Exchange; Related Work by Others......Page 459
Preparative Separation of Electrolytes Via Ion Size Exclusion on Neutral Nanoporous Materials......Page 463
Remarkable Features of Size-Exclusion Chromatography......Page 468
Size of Hydrated Ions......Page 470
Selectivity Of Separation in Ion Size-Exclusion Chromatography......Page 477
Phase Distribution of Electrolytes and Their Mutual Influence......Page 481
ldquoAcid Retardation,......Page 488
Exchange of Ions in Electrolyte Mixtures......Page 493
Conception of the ldquoIdeal Separation Process......Page 495
Use of other microporous column packings......Page 500
Productivity of the ion size exclusion process......Page 503
Ion size exclusion - green technology......Page 504
Application Niche for Size-Exclusion Chromatography of Electrolytes......Page 506
Chromatographic Resolution of A Salt into its Parent Acid and Base Constituents......Page 510
Macroporous Polystyrene Versus Silica-Based HPLC Packings......Page 515
Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene as Restricted-Access Adsorption Material......Page 519
Ion-Exchanging and Metal-Complexing Ability of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene......Page 522
Reversed phase chromatography......Page 525
Quasi-Normal phase chromatography......Page 527
Other modes of HPLC separations......Page 530
Why is Pre-Concentration Needed?......Page 534
Basic Principle of Solid-Phase Extraction......Page 537
Pre-concentration of Phenolic Compounds......Page 540
Trace Enrichment of Pesticides......Page 546
Trace Enrichment of Pharmaceuticals......Page 550
Extraction of Organic Compounds From Biological Liquids......Page 554
SPE in Food Analysis......Page 556
Extraction of Organic Acids......Page 558
Trace Enrichment of Miscellaneous Compounds......Page 560
Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Sorbents Versus Oasis HLB......Page 563
pi-pi-Interactions and SPE from Non-Aqueous Media......Page 571
Pre-Concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air......Page 573
Hemoperfusion Versus Hemodialysis in Blood Purification......Page 577
Hypercrosslinked Polymers for The Removal of beta2-Microglobulin......Page 580
Biocompatibility of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies......Page 584
Clinical Studies......Page 587
Further Perspectives for Hemoperfusion on Hypercrosslinked Sorbents......Page 590
Ion Exchange Capacity and Swelling Behavior of Hypercrosslinked Strong Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins......Page 594
Kinetics of Ion Exchange on Hypercrosslinked Resins......Page 597
Selectivity of Ion Exchange on Hypercrosslinked Strong Acidic Cation-Exchange Resins......Page 600
Porosity of Dry Hypercrosslinked Strong Acidic Ion-Exchange Resins......Page 602
Anion-Exchange Resins......Page 604
Properties of Commercial Hypercrosslinked Ion-Exchange Resins......Page 606
Heterogeneous Membranes Filled with Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene......Page 610
Nanocomposite Catalysts of Organic Reactions......Page 612
Storage of Hydrogen and Methane on Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene......Page 614
Carbonaceous Sorbents Based on Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene......Page 620
Addendum......Page 625
References to Part Three......Page 630
Conclusion......Page 644
References......Page 645
Index......Page 647