Human-Robot Interaction: An Introduction

✍ Scribed by Christoph Bartneck; Tony Belpaeme; Friederike Eyssel; Takayuki Kanda; Merel Keijsers; Selma Sabanovic

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 264
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The role of robots in society keeps expanding and diversifying, bringing with it a host of issues surrounding the relationship between robots and humans. This introduction to human-robot interaction (HRI), written by leading researchers in this developing field, is the first to provide a broad overview of the multidisciplinary topics central to modern HRI research. Students and researchers from robotics, artificial intelligence, psychology, sociology, and design will find it a concise and accessible guide to the current state of the field. Written for students from diverse backgrounds, it presents relevant background concepts, describing how robots work, how to design them, and how to evaluate their performance. Self-contained chapters discuss a wide range of topics, including the different communication modalities such as speech and language, non-verbal communication and the processing of emotions, as well as ethical issues around the application of robots today and in the context of our future society.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Front Matter
Human–Robot Interaction:
An Introduction
Copyright
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 About this book
1.2 Christoph Bartneck
1.3 Tony Belpaeme
1.4 Friederike Eyssel
1.5 Takayuki Kanda
1.6 Merel Keijsers
1.7 Selma Sabanovic
2 What Is Human–Robot Interaction?
2.1 The focus of this book
2.2 HRI as an interdisciplinary endeavor
2.3 The evolution of HRI
3 How a Robot Works
3.1 The making of a robot
3.2 Robot hardware
3.3 Sensors
3.3.1 Vision
3.3.2 Audio
3.3.3 Tactile sensors
3.3.4 Other sensors
3.4 Actuators
3.4.1 Motors
3.4.2 Pneumatic actuators
3.4.3 Speakers
3.5 Software
3.5.1 Software architecture
3.5.2 Software-implementation platform
3.5.3 Machine learning
3.5.4 Computer vision
3.6 Limitations of robotics for HRI
3.7 Conclusion
4 Design
4.1 Design in HRI
4.1.1 Robot morphology and form
4.1.2 Affordances
4.1.3 Design patterns
4.1.4 Design principles in HRI
4.2 Anthropomorphization in HRI Design
4.2.1 Anthropomorphization and robots
4.2.2 Theorizing anthropomorphism
4.2.3 Designing anthropomorphism
4.2.4 Measuring anthropomorphization
4.3 Design methods
4.3.1 Engineering design process
4.3.2 User-centered design process
4.3.3 Participatory design
4.4 Prototyping tools
4.5 Culture in HRI design
4.6 From machines to people, and the in between
4.7 Conclusion
5 Spatial Interaction
5.1 Use of space in human interaction
5.1.1 Proxemics
5.1.2 Group spatial interaction dynamics
5.2 Spatial interaction for robots
5.2.1 Localization and navigation
5.2.2 Socially appropriate positioning
5.2.3 Spatial dynamics of initiating HRI
5.2.4 Informing users of the robot’s intent
5.3 Conclusion
6 Nonverbal Interaction
6.1 Functions of nonverbal cues in interaction
6.2 Types of nonverbal interaction
6.2.1 Gaze and eye movement
6.2.2 Gesture
6.2.3 Mimicry and Imitation
6.2.4 Touch
6.2.5 Posture and movement
6.2.6 Interaction rhythm and timing
6.3 Nonverbal interaction in robots
6.3.1 Robot perception of nonverbal cues
6.3.2 Generating nonverbal cues in robots
6.4 Conclusion
7 Verbal Interaction
7.1 Human–human verbal interaction
7.1.1 Components of speech
7.1.2 Written text versus spoken language
7.2 Speech recognition
7.2.1 Basic principles of speech recognition
7.2.2 Limitations
7.2.3 Practice in HRI
7.2.4 Voice-activity detection
7.2.5 Language understanding in HRI
7.3 Dialogue management
7.3.1 Basic principle
7.3.2 Practice in HRI
7.4 Speech production
7.4.1 Practice in HRI
7.5 Conclusion
8 Emotion
8.1 What are emotions, mood, and affect?
8.1.1 Emotion and interaction
8.2 Understanding human emotions
8.3 When emotions go wrong
8.4 Emotions for robots
8.4.1 Emotion interaction strategies
8.4.2 Artificial perception of emotions
8.4.3 Expressing emotions with robots
8.4.4 Emotion models
8.5 Challenges in affective HRI
9 Research Methods
9.1 Defining a research question and approach
9.1.1 Is your research exploratory or confirmatory?
9.1.2 Are you establishing correlation or causation?
9.2 Choosing among qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
9.2.1 User studies
9.2.2 System studies
9.2.3 Observational studies
9.2.4 Ethnographic studies
9.2.5 Conversational analysis
9.2.6 Crowdsourced studies
9.2.7 Single-Subject Studies
9.3 Selecting research participants and study designs
9.3.1 Study design
9.4 Defining the context of interaction
9.4.1 Location of study
9.4.2 Temporal context of HRI
9.4.3 Social units of interaction in HRI
9.5 Choosing a robot for your study
9.6 Setting up the mode of interaction
9.6.1 Wizard of Oz
9.6.2 Real versus simulated interaction
9.7 Selecting appropriate HRI measures
9.8 Research standards
9.8.1 Changing standards of statistical analysis
9.8.2 Power
9.8.3 Generalizability and replication
9.8.4 Ethical considerations in HRI studies
9.9 Conclusion
10 Applications
10.1 Service robots
10.1.1 Tour guide robots
10.1.2 Receptionist robots
10.1.3 Robots for sales promotion
10.2 Robots for learning
10.3 Robots for entertainment
10.3.1 Pet and toy robots
10.3.2 Robots for exhibitions
10.3.3 Robots in the performing arts
10.3.4 Sex robots
10.4 Robots in healthcare and therapy
10.4.1 Robots for senior citizens
10.4.2 Robots for people with autism spectrum disorder
10.4.3 Robots for rehabilitation
10.5 Robots as personal assistants
10.6 Service robots
10.7 Collaborative robots
10.8 Self-driving cars
10.9 Remotely operated robots
10.10 Future applications
10.11 Problems for robot application
10.11.1 Addressing user expectations
10.11.2 Addiction
10.11.3 Attention theft
10.11.4 Loss of interest by user
10.11.5 Robot abuse
10.12 Conclusion
11 Robots in Society
11.1 Robots in popular media
11.1.1 Robots want to be humans
11.1.2 Robots as a threat to humanity
11.1.3 Superior robots being good
11.1.4 Similarity between humans and robots
11.1.5 Narratives of robotic science
11.2 Ethics in HRI
11.2.1 Robots in research
11.2.2 Robots to fulfill emotional needs
11.2.3 Robots in the workplace
11.3 Conclusion
12 The Future
12.1 The nature of human–robot relationships
12.2 The technology of HRI
12.3 Crystal ball problems
References
Index
Notes