Human rights in the UK: an introduction to the Human Rights Act 1998

✍ Scribed by Hoffman, David; Rowe, John Jermyn

• Publisher: Pearson Education
• Year: 2012;2013
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 553
• Edition: 4th ed
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

"Human rights issues are currently high on the political and academic agenda and this is now being reflected in their increasing importance within the law curriculum. This introductory textbook aims to provide new law students with a thorough grounding in the subject, bringing them fully up-to-date on the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on UK law, as well as providing an accessible and thought-provoking discussion for both students and professionals." Human Rights in the UK is ideal for students of the following courses: Ist year LL.B. specialist option in human rights at A-Level, ILEX Part 1, CPE, LPC and BVC. It also provides a valuable reference source for those from a non-legal background requiring an accessible introduction to the subject, drawing as it does on both authors' extensive experience lecturing on human rights to a variety of audiences, both legal and non-legal, at school, university and professional levels.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
Foreword to the Second Edition (2006)......Page 15
Foreword to the First Edition (2003)......Page 16
Publisher’s acknowledgements......Page 17
Table of cases......Page 18
Table of international treaties......Page 33
Table of statutes......Page 37
Table of statutory instruments......Page 43
Chapter 1 Introduction......Page 46
GLOSSARY OF LEGAL TERMS......Page 49
THE NATURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 54
RIGHTS UNLIMITED?......Page 56
STRIKING A BALANCE......Page 58
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE......Page 59
THE RULE OF LAW......Page 61
QUESTIONS......Page 63
Chapter 3 The history of human rights and the Convention......Page 66
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 69
THE BACKGROUND TO THE CONVENTION: THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE UNITED NATIONS......Page 70
THE BACKGROUND TO THE CONVENTION: THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE......Page 73
THE CONVENTION AND THE UNITED KINGDOM......Page 76
A CONVENTION CHRONOLOGY......Page 79
INTRODUCTION TO THE UNITED KINGDOM LEGAL SYSTEM......Page 82
THE EXECUTIVE......Page 83
THE COURTS......Page 85
JUDICIAL REVIEW......Page 87
THE ACT AND PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY......Page 90
DEVOLUTION......Page 93
THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION IN ENGLISH LAW......Page 94
THE MACHINERY OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION......Page 96
THE MARGIN OF APPRECIATION......Page 97
DEFERENCE TO THE LEGISLATURE......Page 100
QUESTIONS......Page 103
IMPORTING THE DECISIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT......Page 106
THE ACT AND OTHER LEGISLATION......Page 112
TECHNIQUES OF INTERPRETATION......Page 115
COMPATIBILITY AND PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY......Page 119
SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION......Page 123
THE UNLAWFULNESS OF INFRINGING CONVENTION RIGHTS......Page 124
DEFINITION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES......Page 125
THE COURT AS A PUBLIC AUTHORITY: HORIZONTAL EFFECT......Page 129
PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE......Page 132
QUESTIONS......Page 134
WHO CAN COMPLAIN: ‘VICTIMS’......Page 136
WHAT CAN THE COURT DO?......Page 138
DAMAGES......Page 141
PROVING THE CLAIM......Page 147
INJUNCTIONS......Page 148
BRINGING THE CLAIM: PROCEDURE......Page 150
TIME LIMITS AND LIMITATION......Page 152
WHERE DOES THE ACT APPLY: JURISDICTION......Page 155
QUESTIONS......Page 156
WHAT RIGHTS ARE PROTECTED BY THE ACT?......Page 158
OMISSION OF ARTICLES 1 AND 13 FROM THE ACT......Page 159
THE PROTOCOLS......Page 160
DEROGATIONS AND RESERVATIONS......Page 162
LIMITATIONS ON RIGHTS: QUALIFIED RIGHTS......Page 164
‘IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW’......Page 166
‘NECESSARY IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY’......Page 168
PROPORTIONALITY......Page 169
WHICH RIGHTS ARE QUALIFIED?......Page 171
GENERAL PROVISIONS: ARTICLES 16–18......Page 172
QUESTIONS......Page 176
THE RIGHT TO LIFE......Page 178
THE DUTY TO PROTECT LIFE......Page 179
ADEQUATE INVESTIGATION INTO LOSS OF LIFE......Page 183
THE RIGHT TO DIE?......Page 186
THE UNBORN CHILD......Page 188
THE QUALITY OF LIFE......Page 190
THE USE OF FORCE......Page 192
THE DEATH PENALTY......Page 193
QUESTIONS......Page 194
THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTICLE 3......Page 196
THE SCOPE OF THE ARTICLE......Page 197
VIOLENCE AND THE THREAT OF IT......Page 199
SENTENCING OF CRIMINALS......Page 200
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT......Page 201
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS......Page 202
ILL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN......Page 205
MEDICAL TREATMENT......Page 207
DEPORTATION OF IMMIGRANTS......Page 208
TREATMENT OF IMMIGRANTS......Page 210
SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION AND HARASSMENT......Page 212
EVIDENCE OBTAINED BY TORTURE......Page 213
QUESTIONS......Page 215
THE RELEVANCE OF ARTICLE 4 TODAY......Page 218
WHAT IS SLAVERY?......Page 219
FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOUR......Page 221
PERMISSIBLE LABOUR......Page 223
QUESTIONS......Page 224
Chapter 11 Personal liberty: Article 5......Page 226
PERSONAL LIBERTY......Page 227
THE SCHEME OF ARTICLE 5......Page 228
THE QUALITY OF THE LAW......Page 229
THE MEANING OF ‘ARBITRARY’......Page 230
DETENTION AFTER CONVICTION......Page 233
BREACH OF A COURT ORDER......Page 234
REASONABLE SUSPICION OF AN OFFENCE......Page 235
DETENTION OF MINORS FOR EDUCATION......Page 237
PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND......Page 238
PROMPT REASONS FOR ARREST......Page 240
PROMPT APPEARANCE BEFORE A COURT......Page 241
SPEEDY REVIEW OF DETENTION......Page 243
DEROGATIONS FROM ARTICLE 5......Page 247
QUESTIONS......Page 248
Chapter 12 The right to a fair trial: Article 6......Page 250
THE IMPORTANCE OF A FAIR TRIAL......Page 251
IS ARTICLE 6 UNQUALIFIED?......Page 252
A FAIR HEARING......Page 254
WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME......Page 257
AN INDEPENDENT COURT......Page 258
BIAS......Page 259
PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE......Page 264
ADVERSE INFERENCES......Page 268
THE MINIMUM CONTENT OF A FAIR TRIAL......Page 269
AGENTS PROVOCATEURS......Page 270
EVIDENCE OBTAINED BY UNLAWFUL OR COVERT MEANS......Page 272
WITNESS ANONYMITY......Page 274
CIVIL PROCEEDINGS: THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 6......Page 276
CIVIL PROCEEDINGS: ACCESS TO JUSTICE......Page 279
CIVIL PROCEEDINGS: THE EFFECT OF THE CONVENTION......Page 282
QUESTIONS......Page 285
THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND ARTICLE 7......Page 288
CLARITY IN THE LAW......Page 290
WHAT IS A PENALTY?......Page 292
CHANGES IN SENTENCING......Page 294
CONDUCT WHICH IS ALWAYS CRIMINAL......Page 295
RETROSPECTIVITY AND THE ACT......Page 296
Questions......Page 297
THE AIMS OF ARTICLE 8......Page 300
A RIGHT TO PRIVACY? BREACH OF CONFIDENCE......Page 302
PRIVATE LIFE......Page 308
SEARCHES OF THE PERSON......Page 309
PRIVATE INFORMATION......Page 310
FAMILY LIFE......Page 312
IMMIGRANTS......Page 315
HOME......Page 317
TRADITIONAL FAMILY LIFESTYLES AND TRAVELLERS......Page 319
QUALITY OF HOME LIFE......Page 321
CORRESPONDENCE......Page 323
INTRUSION BY SURVEILLANCE......Page 324
THE ‘PRIVATE LIFE’ OF PRISONERS......Page 327
Questions......Page 329
FREEDOM OF THOUGHT......Page 332
THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION......Page 333
MANIFESTATION OF BELIEF......Page 334
DO ALL BELIEFS QUALIFY FOR PROTECTION?......Page 335
RELIGIOUS DRESS......Page 338
STATE REGULATION OF RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS......Page 340
SECTION 13 OF THE ACT......Page 343
FREEDOM NOT TO HOLD A BELIEF......Page 344
CRITICISM......Page 345
PRISONERS......Page 346
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS......Page 347
RESPECT FOR BELIEFS IN EDUCATION......Page 348
THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 2......Page 351
QUESTIONS......Page 352
FREE SPEECH......Page 354
THE SCOPE OF THE FREEDOM......Page 355
TYPES OF EXPRESSION......Page 356
THE RIGHT TO RECEIVE INFORMATION......Page 357
RESTRICTIONS ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION......Page 359
PRESS FREEDOM......Page 363
JOURNALISTS’ SOURCES......Page 368
QUESTIONS......Page 370
THE FREEDOM DEFINED......Page 372
WHAT IS AN ASSEMBLY?......Page 373
ARTICLE 10 AND ARTICLE 11......Page 375
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES......Page 376
AN ASSOCIATION AND ITS MEMBERS......Page 377
TRADE UNIONS......Page 378
BANNING DEMONSTRATIONS......Page 380
STATE OFFICIALS......Page 382
QUESTIONS......Page 383
THE RIGHTS PROTECTED......Page 386
THE RIGHTS OF TRANSSEXUALS......Page 389
THE RIGHT TO DIVORCE?......Page 392
QUESTIONS......Page 393
Chapter 19 Non-discrimination: Article 14......Page 396
WHAT IS DISCRIMINATION?......Page 397
FINANCIAL DISCRIMINATION......Page 399
DISCRIMINATION AND RELIGION......Page 402
OTHER NON-DISCRIMINATION PROVISIONS......Page 403
QUESTIONS......Page 404
Chapter 20 The right to property: Article 1 of the First Protocol......Page 406
ENGLISH LAW AND THE RIGHT TO PROPERTY......Page 407
ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE......Page 408
THE GENERAL APPROACH......Page 409
PEACEFUL ENJOYMENT......Page 410
DEPRIVATION OF PROPERTY......Page 411
COMPENSATION......Page 412
CONTROL OF USE......Page 414
TAXATION......Page 416
CONFISCATION OF PROCEEDS OF CRIME......Page 418
FORFEITURE OF GOODS – CUSTOMS AND THE PORTS......Page 419
BUSINESS AND LIVELIHOOD......Page 421
QUESTIONS......Page 422
THE IMPORTANCE OF DEMOCRACY......Page 424
THE STATE’S OBLIGATION......Page 425
THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 3......Page 426
VOTING SYSTEMS......Page 427
THE FRANCHISE......Page 428
THE LEGISLATURE......Page 430
THE POSITION OF CANDIDATES......Page 431
PARTY POLITICAL BROADCASTS......Page 432
QUESTIONS......Page 434
TERRORISM AND THE RULE OF LAW......Page 436
WHAT IS TERRORISM?......Page 437
DEALING WITH THE THREAT......Page 438
THE TERRORISM LEGISLATION......Page 440
THE RIGHT TO LIFE......Page 442
ARREST WITHOUT WARRANT......Page 443
DETENTION OF SUSPECTED TERRORISTS......Page 445
THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE......Page 448
UNKNOWN EVIDENCE......Page 450
PRECISION IN THE LAW......Page 453
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION......Page 454
PERSONAL SEARCHES......Page 456
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION......Page 457
INTERFERENCE WITH PROPERTY......Page 458
QUESTIONS......Page 459
Chapter 23 Conclusion......Page 462
Appendix 1 The Human Rights Act 1998......Page 467
Appendix 2 The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms1......Page 489
Appendix 3 Members of the Council of Europe and Convention ratifications......Page 514
Appendix 4 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights......Page 517
Appendix 5 European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights......Page 522
Further reading......Page 534
Index......Page 540