Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
About the Authors
Preface
Brief Contents
Contents
1 Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage
Enter the World of Business: The Evolution of HRM Practices at IBM
Introduction
What Responsibilities and Roles Do HR Departments Perform?
Strategic Role of the HRM Function
Demonstrating the Strategic Value of HRM: HR Analytics and Evidence-Based HR
The HRM Profession: Positions and Jobs
Education and Experience
Competencies and Behaviors
Competitive Challenges Influencing Human Resource Management
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Practices
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Socially Responsible Programs Boost the Returns to All Stakeholders
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Integrity in Action Under Armour Strives to Avoid a #MeToo Moment
Competing through Globalization
Competing through Technology
Competing through Globalization Cisco Provides Jobs for Persons with Disabilities around the World
Competing through Technology Humans and Robots Can Make a Great Team
Meeting Competitive Challenges through HRM Practices
Managing the Human Resource Environment
Acquiring and Preparing Human Resources
Assessment and Development of Human Resources
Compensating Human Resources
Special Issues
Organization of This Book
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Zappos Faces Competitive Challenges
HR in Small Business
Notes
PART 1 The Human Resource Environment
2 Strategic Human Resource Management
Enter The World of Business: GE: The Fall of an Iconic Company
Introduction
What Is a Business Model?
Gm’s Attempt to Survive
What Is Strategic Management?
Components of the Strategic Management Process
Linkage between HRM and the Strategic Management Process
Role of HRM in Strategy Formulation
Strategy Formulation
Competing through Globalization The Potential for Corporate/Government Espionage?
Integrity in Action Coming Clean on the Hype Regarding the “Gig” Economy
Strategy Implementation
Organizational Culture
Talent
Competing through Technology Technology Forces Honda to “Buy” Capabilities
HRM Practices
Strategic Types
HRM Needs in Strategic Types
EVIDENCE-BASED HR Commitment versus Control or Commitment Plus Control?
Directional Strategies
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices CEOs Focus on Culture and Talent
Strategy Evaluation and Control
The Role of Human Resources in Providing Strategic Competitive Advantage
Emergent Strategies
Enhancing Firm Competitiveness
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: How Should Dell Respond to the HP Challenge?
HR in Small Business
Notes
3 The Legal Environment: Equal Employment Opportunity and Safety
Enter the World of Business: Does Harvard Discriminate in Undergraduate Admissions?
Introduction
The Legal System in the United States
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Equal Employment Opportunity
Constitutional Amendments
Congressional Legislation
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices A Cultural Challenge at Nike
Executive Orders
Enforcement of Equal Employment Opportunity
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
Types of Discrimination
Disparate Treatment
EVIDENCE-BASED HR A Large Discrimination Problem
Disparate Impact
Pattern and Practice
Reasonable Accommodation
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Retaliation for Participation and Opposition
Integrity in Action Retaliation as an Indicator of Culture
Current Issues Regarding Diversity and Equal Employment Opportunity
Sexual Harassment
Affirmative Action and Reverse Discrimination
Competing through Globalization #MeToo Goes Global
Outcomes of the Americans with Disabilities Act
Gender Equity
LGBT Issues
Employee Safety
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Competing through Technology Iron Man in the Workplace
Safety Awareness Programs
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Uber Life after Kalanick?
HR in Small Business
Notes
4 The Analysis and Design of Work
Enter the World of Business: The Workerless Economy: The Future That Never Arrives
Introduction
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Creating Jobs and Injuries in the American South
Work-Flow Analysis and Organization Structure
Work-Flow Analysis
Competing through Globalization Made in China 2025
Organization Structure
Job Analysis
The Importance of Job Analysis for HR Specialists
The Importance of Job Analysis to Line Managers
Job Analysis Information
Competing through Technology Not Wanted: Lone Genius Nerd
Job Analysis Methods
Dynamic Elements of Job Analysis
Job Design
Mechanistic Approach
Integrity in Action Toxic Killer Comes Back from the Dead
Motivational Approach
Biological Approach
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Perceptual–Motor Approach
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: New Organizational Structures: Teeming with Teams
HR in Small Business
Notes
PART 2 Acquisition and Preparation of Human Resources
5 Human Resource Planning and Recruitment
Enter the World of Business: Labor Force Drop Outs: Not Employed and Yet—Not Unemployed
Introduction
The Human Resource Planning Process
Forecasting
Goal Setting and Strategic Planning
Competing through Technology Automation: Effects on the Quantity and Quality of Jobs
Competing through Globalization Picking Winners and Losers in the Trade War
Integrity in Action Local Authorities Defy Federal Changes in Enforcement
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Program Implementation and Evaluation
The Special Case of Affirmative Action Planning
The Human Resource Recruitment Process
Personnel Policies
Recruitment Sources
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Economic Development: Tales of Regret, Renegotiation, and Rejection
Recruiters
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Biting the Hand That Feeds You?
HR in Small Business
Notes
6 Selection and Placement
Enter the World of Business: When Strangers Meet in a World with No Background Checks
Introduction
Selection Method Standards
Reliability
Validity
Competing through Technology One Part Personality plus One Part AI: The Formula for Team Chemistry
Generalizability
Utility
Legality
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices According to Harvard: “Asian-Americans Have Bad Personalities”
Types of Selection Methods
Interviews
References, Application Blanks, and Background Checks
Physical Ability Tests
Cognitive Ability Tests
Personality Inventories
Competing through Globalization Phantom Hires Haunt Saudi Change Efforts
Work Samples
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Honesty Tests and Drug Tests
Integrity in Action Serving Up Soup, Rehabilitation, and Compassion
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Policing Hiring Practices in the Field of Law Enforcement
HR in Small Business
Notes
7 Training
Enter the World of Business: AT&T: Staying Competitive by Helping Employees Update Their Skills and Careers
Introduction
Training: Its Role in Continuous Learning and Competitive Advantage
Designing Effective Formal Training Activities
Needs Assessment
Integrity in Action At Tyson Foods Learning Goes beyond Job Responsibilities
Ensuring Employees’ Readiness for Training
Creating a Learning Environment
Ensuring Transfer of Training
Selecting Training Methods
Competing through Globalization Campari Group’s Spirited Language Training
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Community and Company Partnerships Develop Skills and Provide Jobs
Competing through Technology Artificial Intelligence Helps Customize Training to the Learner
Advice for Selecting a Training Method
Evaluating Training Programs
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Special Training Issues
Cross-Cultural Preparation
Managing Workforce Diversity and Inclusion
Onboarding or Socialization
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Learning through Gaming at GameStop
HR in Small Business
Notes
PART 3 Assessment and Development of Human Resources
8 Performance Management
Enter the World of Business: Moving Toward Continuous Performance Management at Patagonia
Introduction
The Performance Management Process
Purposes of Performance Management
Performance Measures Criteria
Strategic Congruence
Validity
Reliability
Acceptability
Specificity
Approaches to Measuring Performance
The Comparative Approach
The Attribute Approach
The Behavioral Approach
The Results Approach
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Wells Fargo: Boosting Sales Damages Stakeholders
The Quality Approach
Choosing a Source for Performance Information
Managers
Peers
Direct Reports
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Self
Customers
Competing through Globalization Global Work Teams Require Going beyond Managerial Appraisals
Use of Technology in Performance Management
Competing through Technology Want to Give Feedback? There’s an App for That
Reducing Rater Errors, Politics, and Increasing Reliability and Validity of Ratings
Performance Feedback
The Manager’s Role in an Effective Performance Feedback Process
Integrity in Action At Penn Station East Coast Subs, STEAKS Are Not Just for Eating
What Managers Can Do to Diagnose Performance Problems and Manage Employees’ Performance
Diagnosing the Causes of Poor Performance
Actions for Managing Employees’ Performance
Developing and Implementing a System That Follows Legal Guidelines
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Helping to Encourage Frequent and Productive Performance Conversations
HR in Small Business
Notes
9 Employee Development
Enter the World of Business: Development at Vi Inspires Retention and Services to Seniors
Introduction
The Relationship among Development, Training, and Careers
Development and Training
Development and Careers
Development Planning Systems
Self-Assessment
Reality Check
Goal Setting
Action Planning
Examples of Development Planning and Career Management Systems
Approaches to Employee Development
Formal Education
Integrity in Action Footing the Bill for Employee Development
Assessment
Job Experiences
Competing through Globalization Developing Employees through Worldwide Job Experiences
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Interpersonal Relationships
Competing through Technology Can Formulas Ensure Effective Mentoring Relationships?
Special Issues in Employee Development
Melting the Glass Ceiling
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Maximizing Stakeholder Value through Skill Development and an Inclusive and Diverse Culture
Succession Planning
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Development at 3M
HR in Small Business
Notes
10 Employee Separation and Retention
Enter the World of Business: Google Employees Protest “Pass the Trash” Sexual Harassment Practices
Introduction
Managing Involuntary Turnover
Competing through Globalization Flexicurity: Translating the French Labor Code into Swedish
Principles of Justice
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Equity, Equality, and Executive Pay: What Ratio Is “Fair”?
Integrity in Action Culture Change at Uber: Changing Values (and Personnel)
Progressive Discipline and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Employee Assistance and Wellness Programs
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Outplacement Counseling
Managing Voluntary Turnover
Process of Job Withdrawal
Job Satisfaction and Job Withdrawal
Sources of Job Dissatisfaction
Competing through Technology Technology Solves Predictable Problems with Predictive Scheduling
Measuring and Monitoring Job Satisfaction
Survey Feedback Interventions
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: There Is Really No Good Answer to the Question: “Rogue Employees or Toxic Culture?”
HR In Small Business
Notes
PART 4 Compensation of Human Resources
11 Pay Structure Decisions
Enter the World of Business: Unemployment Rates Down, Employee Compensation Up: Competing for Employees to Execute Strategy
Introduction
Equity Theory and Fairness
Developing Pay Levels
Market Pressures
Competing through Technology Automation, Technology, and the Demand for Employees
Employees as a Resource
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Reducing Employee Financial Precarity
Deciding What to Pay
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Market Pay Surveys
Developing a Job Structure
Developing a Pay Structure
Conflicts between Market Pay Surveys and Job Evaluation
Monitoring Compensation Costs
Globalization, Geographic Region, and Pay Structures
The Importance of Process: Participation and Communication
Participation
Communication
Challenges
Problems with Job-Based Pay Structures
Responses to Problems with Job-Based Pay Structures
Can the U.S. Labor Force Compete?
Executive Pay
Competing through Globalization Where to Manufacture? Labor Costs and the Automobile Industry (including Tesla)
Government Regulation of Employee Compensation
Equal Employment Opportunity
Minimum Wage, Overtime, and Prevailing Wage Laws
Integrity in Action Making Questions about Salary History Off Limits
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Reporting the Ratio of Executive Pay to Worker Pay: Is It Worth the Trouble?
HR in Small Business
Notes
12 Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay
Enter the World of Business: Employers Raise Pay but Try to Keep an Eye on Fixed Costs—A Challenge in a Tight Labor Market
Introduction
How Does Pay Influence Individual Employees?
Reinforcement Theory
Expectancy Theory
Agency Theory
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Carbon-Emissions Targets (and Incentives) at Royal Dutch Shell
How Do Pay Sorting Effects Influence Labor Force Composition?
Pay-for-Performance Programs
Differentiation in Performance and Pay
Differentiation Strength/Incentive Intensity: Promise and Peril
Competing through Technology Financial Services Firms Turn to Social Media and Automation
Integrity in Action Novartis Changes the Way It Pays: Now, Not Just Whether, but also How, You Achieve Your Objectives Matters
Types of Pay for Performance: An Overview
Managerial and Executive Pay
Process and Context Issues
Employee Participation in Decision Making
Communication
Pay and Process: Intertwined Effects
Organization Strategy and Compensation Strategy: A Question of Fit
Competing through Globalization Japanese Companies Shift Emphasis from Seniority to Performance: Some Japanese Now Even Switch Companies
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: ESOPs: Who Benefits?
HR in Small Business
Notes
13 Employee Benefits
Enter the World of Business: Work (and Family?) in Tech, Finance, and Consulting: Millennials Speak Up
Introduction
Reasons for Benefits Growth
Benefits Programs
Social Insurance (Legally Required)
Private Group Insurance
Retirement
Pay for Time Not Worked
Family-Friendly Policies
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Managing Benefits: Employer Objectives and Strategies
Surveys and Benchmarking
Cost Control
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Employers Become Health Care Providers
Competing through Technology Alliances, Technology, and Virtual Care (Telemedicine)
Integrity in Action Being a Contractor versus an Employee
Competing through Globalization Improving Expatriate Access to Health Care
Nature of the Workforce
Communicating with Employees and Maximizing Benefits Value
General Regulatory Issues
Affordable Care Act
Nondiscrimination Rules, Qualified Plans, and Tax Treatment
Sex, Age, and Disability
Monitoring Future Benefits Obligations
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Some Companies Want Employees (Back) at the Office
HR in Small Business
Notes
PART 5 Special Topics in Human Resource Management
14 Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations
Enter the World of Business: Collective Bargaining Comes to JetBlue
Introduction
The Labor Relations Framework
Goals and Strategies
Society
Management
Labor Unions
Integrity in Action The Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety
Union Structure, Administration, and Membership
National And International Unions
Local Unions
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
Union Security
Union Membership and Bargaining Power
Legal Framework
Concerted Activity
Unfair Labor Practices—Employers
Unfair Labor Practices—Labor Unions
Enforcement
Union and Management Interactions: Organizing
Why Do Employees Join Unions?
The Process and Legal Framework of Organizing
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Representing Nonunion Employees in the Gig Economy
Competing through Technology Worker Organizing and Competing Apps at Walmart
Union and Management Interactions: Contract Negotiation
The Negotiation Process
Management’s Preparation for Negotiations
Negotiation Stages and Tactics
Bargaining Power, Impasses, and Impasse Resolution
Management’s Willingness to Take a Strike
Impasse Resolution Procedures: Alternatives to Strikes
Union and Management Interactions: Contract Administration
Grievance Procedure
Cooperative Labor–Management Strategies
Labor Relations Outcomes
EVIDENCE-BASED HR
Strikes
Wages and Benefits
Productivity
Profits and Stock Performance
The International Context
Competing through Globalization France and Labor Reforms: President Macron Says He Does Not Plan to End Up As Did Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette
The Public Sector
Nonunion Representation Systems
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Twinkies, HoHos, and Ding Dongs: No Treat for Labor Unions
HR in Small Business
Notes
15 Managing Human Resources Globally
Enter the World of Business: Changing the Offshoring Game
Introduction
Current Global Changes
European Union and “Brexit”
United States–Mexico–Canada Trade Agreement
The Growth of Asia
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Factors Affecting HRM in Global Markets
Culture
Competing through Globalization Amazon Faces Integrity Issues in China
EVIDENCE-BASED HR Is National Culture as Important as We Thought?
Education–Human Capital
Political–Legal System
Competing through Technology The Need for Hybrid Skills
Integrity in Action Scandal in South Korea
Economic System
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices Company Solutions to the Environmental Challenge
Managing Employees in a Global Context
Types of International Employees
Levels of Global Participation
Managing Expatriates in Global Markets
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Huawei’s Culture
HR in Small Business
Notes
16 Strategically Managing the HRM Function
Enter the World of Business: Rebuilding Wells Fargo
Introduction
Activities of HRM
Strategic Management of the HRM Function
Building an HR Strategy
The Basic Process
Involving Line Executives
Characterizing HR Strategies
Measuring HRM Effectiveness
Audit Approach
The Analytic Approach
Improving HRM Effectiveness
Restructuring to Improve HRM Effectiveness
Outsourcing to Improve HRM Effectiveness
Improving HRM Effectiveness through Process Redesign
Competing through Technology Robots Are Now in Charge of Hiring
Improving HRM Effectiveness through New Technologies—HRM Information Systems
EVIDENCE-BASED HR The HR Crystal Ball: Predicting Who Might Leave
The Future for HR Professionals
Competing through Globalization IKEA Enters India
The Role of the Chief Human Resource Officer
Integrity in Action CBS’s CEO Needed CHRO Help
Competing through Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices The CHRO’s Role in ESG
A Look Back
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Self-Assessment Exercise
Exercising Strategy
Managing People: Wells Fargo’s Recovery?
HR in Small Business
Notes
Glossary
Name and Company Index
Subject Index
