Front Cover
Contents in Brief
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Author
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Contents
UNIT 1 Basic Cell Processes: Integration and Coordination
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology
Physiology Is an Integrative Science
RUNNING PROBLEM What to Believe?
Emerging Concepts The Changing World of Omics
Function and Mechanism
Themes in Physiology
Focus on ... Mapping
Theme 1: Structure and Function Are Closely Related
Theme 2: Living Organisms Need Energy
Theme 3: Information Flow Coordinates Body Functions
Theme 4: Homeostasis Maintains Internal Stability. HomeostasisWhat Is the Body's Internal Environment?
Homeostasis Depends on Mass Balance
Excretion Clears Substances from the Body
Homeostasis Does Not Mean Equilibrium
Control Systems and Homeostasis
Local Control Is Restricted to a Tissue
Reflex Control Uses Long-Distance Signaling
Response Loops Begin with a Stimulus
Feedback Loops Modulate the Response Loop
Negative Feedback Loops Are Homeostatic
Positive Feedback Loops Are Not Homeostatic
Feedforward Control Allows the Body to Anticipate Change
Biological Rhythms Result from Changes in a Setpoint
The Science of Physiology. Good Scientific Experiments Must Be Carefully DesignedFocus on ... Graphing
The Results of Human Experiments Can Be Difficult to Interpret
CHAPTER SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 2: Molecular Interactions
RUNNING PROBLEM Chromium Supplements
Molecules and Bonds
Most Biomolecules Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Electrons Have Four Important Biological Roles
Covalent Bonds between Atoms Create Molecules
Noncovalent Bonds Facilitate Reversible Interactions
Noncovalent Interactions
Hydrophilic Interactions Create Biological Solutions. Molecular Shape Is Related to Molecular FunctionHydrogen Ions in Solution Can Alter Molecular Shape
Protein Interactions
Proteins Are Selective about the Molecules They Bind
Protein-Binding Reactions Are Reversible
Binding Reactions Obey the Law of Mass Action
The Dissociation Constant Indicates Affinity
Multiple Factors Alter Protein Binding
The Body Regulates the Amount of Protein in Cells
Reaction Rate Can Reach a Maximum
CHAPTER SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 3: Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues
RUNNING PROBLEM Pap Tests Save Lives
Functional Compartments of the Body. The Lumens of Some Organs Are Outside the BodyFunctionally, the Body Has Three Fluid Compartments
Biological Membranes
The Cell Membrane Separates Cell from Environment
Membranes Are Mostly Lipid and Protein
Membrane Lipids Create a Hydrophobic Barrier
Membrane Proteins May Be Loosely or Tightly Bound to the Membrane
Membrane Carbohydrates Attach to Both Lipids and Proteins
Intracellular Compartments
Cells Are Divided into Compartments
The Cytoplasm Includes Cytosol, Inclusions, Fibers, and Organelles
Inclusions Are in Direct Contact with the Cytosol.