How Data Can Manage Global Health Pandemics: Analyzing and Understanding Covid-19

✍ Scribed by Rupa Mahanti

• Publisher: Productivity Press
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 203
• Series: HIMSS Book Series
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

In contrast to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic which occurred in a non-digital age, the timing of the COVID-19 pandemic intersects with the digital age which is characterized by the collection and availability of large amounts of data and sophisticated technologies. Data and technology are being used to combat this digital age pandemic in ways that were not possible in the pre-digital age.
Given the adverse impacts of pandemics in general and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular,  it is imperative that people understand the meaning and origin of pandemics, related terms (for example, epidemic, super spreader, and patient zero), trajectory of a new disease, butterfly effect of contagious diseases, factors governing the pandemic potential of a disease, pandemic preparedness and strategies to combat a pandemic at different levels (individual, community, organizational, national, and global), role of data,  data sharing, data strategy, data governance, analytics, and data visualization in managing pandemics, pandemic myths, critical success factors in managing pandemics, and lessons learnt. This book discusses these elements with special reference to COVID-19.
The book does not assume any prior or specialist knowledge in pandemics, strategies, data, data governance, analytics or data visualization. This book is technology agnostic and contains a large number of illustrations and examples from COVID-19, making it easy for the readers to understand and relate to the concepts discussed in this book.

Target Audience:
·  On a broad level the target audience is the scientific community, policy makers and professionals across the domains of health, management, risk, strategy and data. The book is specifically beneficial for university students, academicians, professors, researchers, and industry professionals. Even the general public will find this book useful and interesting.
·  Courses where health, pandemics, strategies, and data analytics are a part of the course curriculum. Some courses include Bachelor's and Master Degree in Information Technology, Computer Science, Data Analytics, Epidemiology, Biomedical Informatics, and Management.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
1 Pandemic—An Introduction
Introduction
What Is a Pandemic?
Pandemic—Definitions
Characteristics of Pandemics
Large Geographic Spread
Person-to-Person Spread
High Transmission Rates and Explosiveness
Novelty
Minimal Population Immunity
Infectiousness
Severity
Origin of Pandemic
Notable Pandemics in History
Pandemics, COVID-19, Technology, Data, and Analytics in the 21st Century
Concluding Thoughts
References
2 Data—Management, Strategy, Quality, Governance, and Analytics
Delving into the Definition of Data
Varieties of Data
Structured Data
Unstructured Data
Semi-Structured Data
Big Data versus Traditional Data
Volume
Velocity
Variety
Organization of Data
Data Management
Data Strategy
Data Quality
Data Quality Dimensions
Data Quality Management
Data Governance
Data Analytics
Descriptive Analytics
Diagnostic Analytics
Predictive Analytics
Prescriptive Analytics
Concluding Thoughts
References
3 Trajectory and Stages of a New Disease
Introduction
New Disease Trajectory—From Darkness to Light
Contagious Disease and Butterfly Effect
Contact Tracing and Disease Transmission
Epidemic, Pandemic, Outbreak, and Endemic
Index Case, Primary Case, Secondary Case, Patient Zero, and Super Spreaders
Index Case
Primary Case
Secondary Case
Patient Zero
Super Spreaders
Epidemiological Parameters
Stages of a Disease and Pandemic Status
Disease Stages as Defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Disease Stages as Defined by WHO
Stages of Spread of a Pandemic as Defined by Yigitcanlar et al. (2020), Bharat (2020)
Flattening the Curve
Concluding Thoughts
References
4 COVID-19—A Pandemic in the Digital Age
Introduction
COVID-19 Pandemic Predictions
Coronaviruses
What Is COVID-19?
Who Was Patient Zero in COVID-19?
COVID-19—From a Localized Outbreak into a Global Pandemic
COVID-19 Features
Spread and Impact of COVID-19—What Does the Data Say
Concluding Thoughts
References
5 Data and Pandemic in the Digital World
Data, Technology, Digital World, and Pandemic
Types of Data from a Pandemic Analytics Perspective
Role of Data in Pandemic
Big Data Sources and Pandemic Management
Use of External Data and Data Sharing in a Pandemic
Data Challenges in a Pandemic—COVID-19 as an Example
Data Collection
Misinformation
Data Quality
Data Definition and Metadata
Data Security, Data Protection, and Data Privacy
Concluding Thoughts
References
6 Data Analytics and Pandemic
Pandemics and Data Analytics
Data Analytics Use Cases in the Pandemic
Predicting Virus Spread
Medical Imaging
New Drug Development
Modeling Infection Severity
Combating Misleading Information
Vaccine Development, Management, and Distribution
Pandemics, Analytics, and Retail
Pandemics, Analytics, and Finance
COVID-19—Examples of Data Analytics Application in Different Industry Sectors
Data Visualization and Its Role in a Pandemic
Concluding Thoughts
References
7 Disease and Pandemic Potential
Pathogens and Pandemic Potential
Factors Determining Pandemic Potential
Concluding Thoughts
References
8 Pandemic and Critical Success Factors
An Introduction to Pandemic Myths and Critical Success Factors
Pandemic Myths
Myth 1. Pandemics Are Public Health Problem Only
Myth 2. Pandemics Are Extremely Rare and Have Short-Term Impacts
Myth 3. Doctors Are Aware of All the Infectious Diseases
Myth 4. Infrastructure, Resources, and Capacity Are There to Detect and Effectively Respond to Pandemics
Myth 5. Disease Emergence Is Unavoidable, and No One Can Do Anything About It
Critical Success Factors to Manage a Pandemic
Government and Leadership
Capacity to Trace, Test, and Treat
Education and Training
Pandemic Preparedness and Strategies
Communication
Technology and Data
Collaboration, Coordination, and Global Solidarity
Concluding Thoughts
References
9 Pandemic Preparedness and Strategies
Preparing for a Pandemic
Pandemic and Strategies
Data Strategy and the Pandemic
Concluding Thoughts
References
10 Pandemic—Lessons Learned and Future Ahead
Introduction
Lessons from Past Pandemics—With Special Reference to 1918 Spanish Flu
COVID-19 Pandemic—Specific Lessons
1. Save Nature
2. Government and Leadership Lessons
3. Transparency, Effective Governance, and Timely Release of Relevant Information
4. Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and Pharmaceutical Precautions
5. Robust Health Surveillance System
6. Testing Responsiveness and Resilience of Health Systems and Action Plan to Balloon Healthcare Infrastructure
7. Funding Research and Development (R&D)
8. Opportunities to Use Novel Approaches and Technologies
9. Leverage Data
10. Communication and Collaboration
Concluding Thoughts
References
Appendix A: Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix B: Glossary of Terms
References
Index