โ Scribed by Howard Alper
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Let us consider here what research integrity and misconduct are, and the approaches that can reduce violations of acceptable practice.
Research integrity can be defined as the firm adherence to a code of high moral values, principles, and professional standards in research. As the African writer Chinua Achebe said, "One of the truest tests of integrity is its blunt refusal to be compromised." US Federal policy defines research misconduct as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. Honest errors, or differences of opinion, do not constitute research misconduct. The policy states that: (i) research misconduct results from a significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community; (ii) is committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly; and (iii) is proven by a preponderance of evidence.
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