History of the zeppelin airship: Müller.(Verein zu Beförd. des Gewerbfleisses, Verh. 1, 35.)
- Book ID
- 104119962
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1914
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 133 KB
- Volume
- 178
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0016-0032
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✦ Synopsis
The experiments of Burgess and W,hee!er on the slow distillation of bituminous coal in a vacuum showed that the greatest yield of ammonia per gramme of coal was obtained atabout, 55o ° C. Christie noticed that very little ammonia was produced below 5oo ° C. or above 8oo ° C., and that by slow distillation at 5oo ° C. to 7oo ° C. about twice as much ammonia could be obtained as in the usual coke-oven or gas-retort practice. At 7oo ° C., when equilibrium is attained, a mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia at atmospheric pressure contains only o.o22 per cent. NHs, and a gas consisting of H25o, N~5 and NHsI.2 per cent., if left in contact with the charge in the retort at 8oo ° C. would lose practically all of the ammonia by decomposition. Hence it is necessary to produce the ammonia at the lowest possible temperature and to remove it from the retort as soon as formed. In laboratory experiments at 8k~o ° C., when the gas was removed at once from the hot partof the tube, 22,5 per cent. of the nitrogen in the coal was obtained as ammonia; when the gas passed through a red-hot portion of the tube before exit, I7.2 per cent. ; and when the gas passed through red-hot coke, 9.4 per cent. When a current of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen was passed over coke at 8oo 0 C., little or no ammonia was obtained from the nitrogen in the coke; with dry hydrogen, Io per cent. of the nitrogen was Iiberatcd as ammonia; and when water vapor, alone or mixed with hydrogen, was used, nearly the whole of the nitrogen was ob= tained as ammonia. The conditions approximate this ~n the Mond producer, in which 6o-7o per cent. of the nitrogen is recovered. Producer gas or coke-oven gas which has been well scrubbed for the extraction of ammonia is specially suitable for regenerative working 19 n a continuous system without reversals, because it is free from dust and daes not choke the narrow conduits.
History of the Zeppelin Airship. M/JLLER. (Verein zu Bef~rd. des Gewerbfleisses, Verh. I, 35.)--First are recalled the difficulties encountered by Zeppelin when, in I894, a German Committee was appointed to consider the military value of his first rigid airship proposals. The present communication is claimed to rectify serious omissions from " Das Werk Zeppelin's," a history compiled in honor of the inventor's 75th birthday. Working on the basis of experience. obtained with the I884-I885 French military airship "La France," defects and limitations were detected in the 1894Zeppelin ship, and the author gives a connected account of the investigations and cal: 243