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Mesoangioblasts are vessel-associated multipotent stem cells characterized by the ability to migrate in vivo to inflammation sites. When delivered intra-arterially in distrophic or infarcted mice, they participate in the repair of damaged tissues by producing important factors such as FGF-2 that lacks a secretion signal sequence. Candela et al. demonstrate that mesoangioblasts release active FGF-2 through the production and shedding of plasmamembrane vesicles. These vesicles were shown to maintain their integrity, and therefore their content could be preserved in the extracellular space for some period of time. Candela et al. found that the vesicles also contain the activated form of MMP-2 and MMP-9. This is important because MMP-9, secreted by macrophages or other cell types, had been shown to restore vascular networks and to reduce collagen deposition in mouse distrophic muscles, thus improving the effectiveness of mesoangioblast transplantation therapy. It is therefore interesting that mesoangioblasts are themselves a source of MMP-9. The importance of vesicle release as a means of transferring signalling molecules between cells was known. The work by Candela et al. now suggests that the release of vesicles containing active biological molecules might be a mechanism through which mesoangioblasts can effectively repair damaged tissues.
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