High T-helper-1 cytokines but low T-helper-3 cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in children with high risk of developing type 1 diabetes

Poor in vitro induction of FOXP3 and ICO

Poor in vitro induction of FOXP3 and ICOS in type 1 cytokine environment activated T-cells from children with type 1 diabetes

✍ Jarno Honkanen; Susanne Skarsvik; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala 📂 Article 📅 2008 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 136 KB

## Abstract ## Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by loss of tolerance to beta‐cell antigens, and the insulin‐producing beta‐cells in the pancreatic islets are destroyed by the host's own immune system. Immunological risk factors associated with T1D are related to the defects in the